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Management And Financial Information Analysis

Толкование Перевод

1 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

орг.

сокр. UNCTAD межд. эк. Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию, ЮНКТАД (постоянный орган Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН, созданный в 1964 г. для содействия развитию международной торговли; ставит своей целью содействие взаимовыгодной интеграции развивающихся стран в мировую экономику; выступает в роли форума для межправительственного обсуждения вопросов торговли и развития)

See:

United Nations Organization, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Organization, United Nations General Assembly, Common Fund for Commodities, Committee on Trade and Development, International Trade Centre, Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting, Debt Management and Financial Analysis System, Automated System for Customs Data, Trade Analysis and Information System, Integrated Programme for Commodities, Generalized System of Preferences, Global System of Trade Preferences, Integrated Framework

* * *
abbrev.: UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД): постоянный орган ООН, созданный в 1964 г. для содействия развитию международной торговли и помощи развивающимся странам.
* * *

• Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию

• Конференция Организации Объединенных Наций по торговле и развитию

* * *

Международные экономические отношения

ЮНКТАД

конференция ООН по торговле и развитию

не является международной торговой организацией; создана в 1964 году по инициативе развивающихся и социалистических стран (168 государств членов) для содействия развитию международной торговли, обеспечения стабильного мира, равноправного, взаимовыгодного сотрудничества между странами, для разработки условий и механизмов функционирования современных abbr UNCTAD

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Коммерческая деятельность

Конференция ООН по торговле и развитию (ЮНКТАД)

постоянная организация, существующая при ООН с 1964 г., которая была создана для развития мировой торговли abbr UNCTAD

Англо-русский экономический словарь > United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
2 MAFIA

1) Спорт: Mid America Fists In Action

2) Музыка: Music And Film Independent Artists

3) Сокращение: (The solution of) MAxwell's equations by the Finite Integration Algorithm

4) Образование: Math And Fun International Association

5) Должность: Management And Financial Information Analysis

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MAFIA
3 mafia

1) Спорт: Mid America Fists In Action

2) Музыка: Music And Film Independent Artists

3) Сокращение: (The solution of) MAxwell's equations by the Finite Integration Algorithm

4) Образование: Math And Fun International Association

5) Должность: Management And Financial Information Analysis

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > mafia
4 office

управление; департамент; комитет; отдел; бюро; секретариат, канцелярия; разг. кабина экипажа

Joint Service Cruise Missile Program [Project] office — объединенное управление разработки КР (для ВВС и ВМС)

office of Information, Navy — информационное управление ВМС

office of Research, Development and Evaluation — управление НИОКР ВМС

office of the Chief, Army Reserve — управление резерва СВ

office of the Comptroller, Navy — управление главного финансового инспектора ВМС

office of the Deputy COFS for Research, Development and Acquisition — управление заместителя НШ по НИОКР и закупкам (СВ)

office, Aerospace Research — управление воздушно-космических исследований

office, Analysis and Review — управление анализа и контроля потребностей

office, Armor Force Management and Standardization — управление по вопросам администрации и стандартизации бронетанковых войск

office, Assistant COFS for Force Development — управление ПНШ по строительству ВС

office, Assistant COFS for Intelligence — управление ПНШ по разведке

office, Assistant COFS — управление [отдел] ПНШ

office, Assistant Secretary of Defense — аппарат [секретариат] ПМО

office, Chief of Chaplains — управление начальника службы военных священников (СВ)

office, Chief of Civil Affairs — управление по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением

office, Chief of Engineers — управление начальника инженерных войск

office, Chief of Finance (and Accounting) — управление начальника финансовой службы (СВ)

office, Chief of Legislative Liaison — отдел связи с законодательными органами

office, Chief of Ordnance — управление начальника артиллерийско-технической службы (СВ)

office, Chief of R&D — управление НИОКР (СВ)

office, Chief of Transportation — управление [отдел] начальника транспортной службы

office, Chief, Chemical Corps — управление начальника химической службы

office, COFS for Operations — оперативное управление НШ

office, COFS, Army — аппарат НШ СВ

office, Consolidated Personnel — управление гражданских рабочих и служащих

office, Coordinator of Army Studies — управление координатора разработок СВ

office, Defense Transportation — управление военно-транспортной службы

office, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Air Warfare — управление заместителя НШ ВМС по боевому применению авиации

office, Deputy COFS for Aviation — отдел заместителя НШ по авиации (МП)

office, Deputy COFS for Installations and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по расквартированию и тыловому обеспечению

office, Deputy COFS for Manpower — управление заместителя НШ по людским ресурсам

office, Deputy COFS for Operations and Training — управление заместителя НШ по оперативной и боевой подготовке

office, Deputy COFS for Plans and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по планированию тылового обеспечения

office, Development and Engineering — отдел технических разработок (ЦРУ)

office, Development and Weapon Systems Analysis — управление разработки и анализа систем вооружения

office, Director of Development Planning — управление планирования строительства (ВВС)

office, Director of Foreign Intelligence — управление начальника внешней разведки

office, Distribution Services — отдел распределения и рассылки картографических изданий (МО)

office, Economic Research — отдел экономических исследований (ЦРУ)

office, Emergency Transportation — управление чрезвычайных перевозок

office, Employment Policy and Grievance Review — отдел по вопросам занятости и рассмотрению жалоб (СВ)

office, Federal Procurement Policy — управление разработки федеральной политики в области закупок

office, Force Planning and Analysis — управление планирования и анализа строительства ВС

office, General Council — управление генерального юрисконсульта

office, Geographic and Cartographic Research — отдел географических и картографических исследований (ЦРУ)

office, Imagery Analysis — отдел анализа видовой информации (ЦРУ)

office, Information and Legal Affairs — управление информации и права (МО)

office, Information for. the Armed Forces — управление информации ВС

office, JCS — аппарат КНШ

office, Judge Advocate General — управление начальника военно-юридической службы

office, Management and Budget — административно-бюджетное управление

office, Military Assistance — управление по оказанию военной помощи

office, Personnel Manager — отдел кадров (СВ)

office, Services and Information Agency — отдел управления информационного обеспечения

office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Army Aircraft — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО армейской авиации

office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Tactical Communications — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО тактических систем связи

office, the Inspector General — управление генерального инспектора

office, the Legislative Affairs — управление военного законодательства

office, Under Secretary of Navy — аппарат заместителя министра ВМС

office, Under Secretary of the Air Force — аппарат заместителя министра ВВС

Personnel, Plans and Training office — отдел по вопросам ЛС, планирования и боевой подготовки

Strategic Objectives [Targets] Planning office — управление планирования стратегических задач (КНШ)

Strategic Submarine C2 office — отдел оперативного управления ПЛ стратегических сил

Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Night Observation System office — управление разработки систем наблюдения, засечки целей и ПНВ

— Adjutant General's office

— Administrative office

— admission office

— Air Attache Affairs office

— Air Force office of Security Police

— Air Force office of Special Investigations

— Air Force Post office

— Air Force Special Security office

— Air Land Programs office

— air reconnaissance liaison office

— Airlift Coordinating office

— ammunition office

— Antimissile Missile and Space Defense Projects office

— approving office

— Armed Forces Graves Registration office

— Army Air Defense Operations office

— Army Careers and Information office

— Army Electronics and Special Weapons office

— Army Force Modernization Coordination office

— Army Industry Material Information Liaison office

— Army Post office

— Army Procurement Research office

— Army R&D Information Systems office

— Army Research office

— Army Staff Military Assistance office

— Army Staff Operations office

— Army Staff Reserves office

— Army Staff Security office

— Army Staff TOE office

— Army Staff Topography office

— Army Staff Training office

— assault signal office

— beach signal office

— billeting office

— BM Construction office

— BM Defense Program office

— BM office

— branch field post office

— branch office

— British Forces Post office

— careers office

— Central Purchasing office

— Chief QM's office

— cipher office

— circulation control office

— Civilian Personnel office

— code office

— command issuing office

— Commercial Communications Policy office

— community post office

— company office

— Comptroller General's office

— counterfire duty office

— Crime and Intelligence office

— Defense Attache office

— Defense Commercial Communications office

— Defense Communications Engineering office

— Defense Communications Field office

— Defense foreign disclosure coordinating office

— Defense Materiel Specifications and Standards office

— Defense Property Disposal office

— Defense Research office

— Defense Staff office

— District Transportation office

— division ammunition office

— division army post office

— divisional office

— Equal Employment Opportunity office

— Executive office for the National Military Representative

— Executive office of the Secretary

— executive office

— Facilities Engineering office

— Facilities Supply office

— Field Buying office

— field personnel office

— field post office

— Fleet Post office

— forces post office

— Foreign Liaison office

— General Accounting office

— general military training office

— General Post office

— general reference office

— Graves Registration office

— High Energy Laser Systems office

— Highway Regulating office

— Housing office

— housing referral office

— Human Resources Research office

— Information office

— Information Tour and Travel office

— Inspection office

— intelligence office

— Intelligence-Producing office

— Joint Allied Military Petroleum office

— Joint Area Petroleum office

— law-enforcement office

— liaison office

— local recruiting office

— Logistical Assistance office

— Maintenance Interservice Support Management office

— Management Information Systems office

— medical regulating office

— Metropolitan Information office

— Military District Administrative office

— Military Personnel office

— Military Planning office

— military post office

— Military Satellite Communications office

— Munitions Control office

— National Intelligence Tasking office

— National Reconnaissance office

— NATO Airborne Early Warning Projects office

— Naval Aviation Engineering office

— Navy Information office

— Navy office

— Nuclear Cataloguing office

— office Director of Organization and Training

— office for Dependents' Medical Care

— office for the Freedom of Information

— office of Chief of Public Affairs

— office of Chief QM

— office of Chief Signal Officer

— office of Civil Defense

— office of Civil Operations

— office of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services

— office of Civilian Manpower Management

— office of Communication Systems

— office of Community Services

— office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization

— office of Defense Cooperation

— office of Defense Management and Organization

— office of Defense Manpower

— office of Director of Intelligence

— office of Emergency Planning

— office of Emergency Preparedness

— office of Emergency Service

— office of Guided Missiles

— office of Industrial Personnel Access Authorization Review

— office of Industrial Relations

— office of Industrial Security

— office of Military Government for Berlin Sector

— office of Military Government

— office of Military Instruction

— office of Military Leadership

— office of Naval Administration

— office of Naval Inspector General

— office of Naval Inspectors of Ordnance

— office of Naval Intelligence

— office of Naval Operations

— office of Naval Research

— office of Naval Reserve

— office of Naval Warfare

— office of Naval Weapons

— office of Naval Weather Service

— office of NBC Warfare

— office of Ocean Affairs

— office of origin

— office of Personnel

— office of Planning and Management

— office of Primary Concern

— office of Primary Responsibility

— office of Procurement and Materiel

— office of Procurement and Policy

— office of Program Appraisal

— office of Regional and Political Analysis

— office of Research Analysis

— office of Reserve Components

— office of Safety and Nuclear Surety

— office of Security Police

— office of Security Review

— office of Selective Service Records

— office of SIGINT

— office of Space Systems

— office of Special Investigations

— office of Special Weapons Development

— office of Strategic Information

— office of Strategic Offensive and Defensive Systems

— office of Strategic Plans

— office of Support Services

— office of Systems and Financial Management

— office of Technical Information

— office of Technical Services

— office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Public Affairs

— office of the Chief Chemical Officer

— office of the Chief of CW Service

— office of the Chief of Finance

— office of the Chief of Information

— office of the Chief of Military History

— office of the Chief of Naval Operations

— office of the Chief of Special Warfare

— office of the Chief of Support Services

— office of the Chief Signal Officer

— office of the Chief Surgeon

— office of the Commanding General

— office of the Deputy COFS for Logistics

— office of the Deputy COFS for Military Operations

— office of the Deputy COFS for Personnel

— office of the Deputy COFS

— office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship

— office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering

— office of the Director of Weapons Systems Analysis

— office of the Director

— office of the Field Directorate and Ammunition Plants

— office of the General Purchasing Agent

— office of the JCS

— office of the Judge Advocate General

— office of the Oceanographer of the Navy

— office of the Provost Marshal General

— office of the QM

— office of the Scientific Adviser

— office of the Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs

— office of the Secretary of Defense

— office of the Secretary of the Air Force

— office of the Secretary of the Army

— office of the Secretary of the Navy

— office of the Secretary to the Staff

— office of the Secretary

— office of the Surgeon General

— office of the Under Secretary of the Army

— office of the US Army Attache

— office of Weapons Intelligence

— office QM General

— operations office

— Physical Education office

— Planning and Administrative office

— Political-Military Affairs office

— Preparedness office

— Program Analysis and Evaluation office

— Program Planning office

— project manager office

— Public Affairs office

— Public Information office

— Public Relations office

— Records office

— recruiting office

— regional office

— replacements allocation office

— Resources Management office

— Retirement Services office

— Royal Marine office

— SAC Project office

— Secretary of the Army office

— Security office

— Soldiers' Record office

— staff office

— Strategic Technology office

— sub-post office

— Summing-Up Evaluation office

— support control office

— Survivable Communications office

— Survivor Assistance office

— System Analysis office

— Systems Program office

— Traffic Control office

— Training Aid Service office

— US Army Commercial Communications office

— War office

— Weapons System Analysis office

English-Russian military dictionary > office
5 director

начальник (управления, службы, отдела) ; руководитель; директор; ( центральный) прибор управления огнем; прибор управления артиллерийским зенитным огнем, ПУАЗО; целеуказатель; оператор наведения; пункт [самолет, корабль] наведения; ретранслятор; буссоль

Assistant director, Review and Analysis — помощник начальника управления по проверке и анализу (контрактов) (МО)

Deputy CIA director, Essential Elements of Information — заместитель директора ЦРУ по постановке основных задач сбора разведывательной информации

Deputy director of Defense Research and Engineering for Administration, Evaluation and Management — заместитель начальника управления НИОКР МО по административным вопросам, вопросам оценки и управления

Deputy director, Contract Administration Services — заместитель начальника службы по контролю за исполнением контрактов (МО)

Deputy director, Strategic and Naval Warfare Systems — заместитель начальника управления по стратегическим и морским системам оружия (МО)

Deputy director, Tactical Air and Land Warfare Systems — заместитель начальника управления по тактическим авиационным и наземным системам оружия (МО)

Deputy director, Test Facilities and Resources — заместитель начальника управления по испытательному оборудованию и ресурсам (МО)

director EW and C3 Countermeasures — начальник управления РЭБ и мер противодействия системам руководства, управления и связи (МО)

director for C3 Policy — начальник управления разработки программ руководства, управления и связи (МО)

director for Operations, Joint Staff — начальник оперативного управления объединенного штаба (КНШ)

director for Plans and Policy, Joint Staff — начальник управления планирования и строительства ВС объединенного штаба;

director of Administrative Services, Joint Staff — начальник административного управления объединенного штаба

director of C2 and Telecommunications — начальник управления систем оперативного управления и связи

director of Civilian Marksmanship, National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice — начальник управления стрелковой подготовки гражданского персонала Национального комитета содействия развитию стрелкового спорта (СВ)

director of Manning (Army) — Бр. начальник управления комплектования (СВ)

director of Research, Development, Test and Evaluation — начальник управления НИОКР, испытаний и оценок

director, Acquisition and Support Planning — начальник управления закупок (военной техники) и планирования МТО (МО)

director, Administrative Support Group — начальник группы административного обеспечения (СВ)

director, Admiralty Marine Technology Establishment — Бр. начальник управления разработки боевой техники МП

director, Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment — Бр. начальник управления разработки систем надводного оружия ВМС

director, African Region — начальник управления стран Африки (МО)

director, Air National Guard — директор штаба НГ ВВС

director, Air Vehicles Technology — начальник управления разработки авиационных транспортных систем (МО)

director, Air Warfare — начальник управления авиационных систем оружия (МО)

director, Army Air Corps — Бр. начальник управления армейской авиации СВ

director, Army Aviation — начальник управления армейской авиации

director, Army Council of Review Boards — председатель совета СВ по контролю за деятельностью апелляционных комиссий

director, Army Medical Services — Бр. начальник медицинской службы СВ

director, Army National Guard — директор штаба НГ СВ

director, Army Programs — начальник управления разработки программ СВ

director, C3 Resources — начальник управления разработки систем руководства, управления и связи (МО)

director, Chemical Defence Establishment — Бр. директор НИЦ средств химической защиты

director, Civil Affairs — начальник управления по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением

director, Civilian Employees Security Program — начальник службы контрразведывательной проверки гражданского персонала (СВ)

director, Combat Support — начальник управления боевого обеспечения (МО)

director, Communications Systems — начальник управления систем связи (МО)

director, Contracts and Systems Acquisition — начальник управления заключения контрактов и закупок систем оружия и военной техники (МО)

director, Coordination and Analysis — начальник управления координации и анализа

director, Counterintelligence and Investigative Programs — начальник управления программ контрразведки и специальных расследований (МО)

director, Cruise Missile Systems — начальник управления систем КР (МО)

director, Defence Operational Analysis Establishment — Бр. начальник военнонаучного управления МО

director, Defense Research and Engineering — начальник управления НИОКР МО

director, Defense Sciences — начальник научно-исследовательского управления МО

director, Defense Supply Service-Washington — начальник службы снабжения зоны Вашингтона в МО

director, Defense Telephone Service-Washington — начальник телефонной службы зоны Вашингтона в МО

director, Defense Test and Evaluation — начальник управления МО по испытанию и оценке (оружия и военной техники)

director, DIA — начальник разведывательного управления МО

director, Directed Energy Programs — начальник управления программ использования направленной энергии (МО)

director, Doctrine, Organization and Training — начальник управления разработки доктрин, вопросов организации и боевой подготовки

director, DOD SALT Task Force — председатель рабочей группы МО по вопросам переговоров в рамках ОС В

director, East Asia and Pacific Region — начальник управления стран Восточной Азии и Тихого океана (МО)

director, Electronics and Physical Sciences — начальник управления по электронике и естественным наукам (МО)

director, Engineering Technology — начальник управления проектно-конструкторских работ (МО)

director, Environmental and Life Sciences — начальник управления экологических и биологических наук (МО)

director, Equipment Applications — начальник управления по изучению применения техники (в войсках)

director, Facilities Engineering — начальник инженерно-строительного управления

director, Far East/Middle East/Southern Hemisphere Affairs — начальник управления стран Дальнего Востока, Среднего Востока и Южного полушария (МО)

director, Federal Bureau of Investigation — директор ФБР

director, Field Maintenance — начальник службы полевого технического обслуживания и ремонта

director, Foreign Military Rights Affairs — начальник управления по делам прав иностранных государств в военной области (МО)

director, General Purpose Forces Policy — начальник управления разработки вопросов строительства сил общего назначения

director, Health Resources — начальник управления ресурсов здравоохранения

director, Information Processing Technique — начальник управления систем обработки информации (МО)

director, Information Security — начальник управления обеспечения секретности информации (МО)

director, Information Systems — начальник управления АИС

director, Installations — начальник управления строительства

director, Intelligence Resources — начальник управления изучения ресурсов разведки (МО)

director, Inter-American Region — начальник управления по межамериканским делам

director, International Economic Affairs — начальник управления по международным экономическим делам (МО)

director, International Military Staff — начальник международного объединенного штаба (НАТО)

director, Joint Staff — начальник секретариата объединенного штаба (КНШ)

director, Joint Tactical Communications (TRI-TAC) Program — начальник отдела работ по программе использования единой тактической системы связи (ТРИ-ТАК)

director, Judge Advocate Division — начальник отдела военно-юридической службы (МП)

director, Land Warfare — начальник управления наземных систем оружия (МО)

director, Legislative Liaison — начальник отдела по связям с законодательными органами (ВВС)

director, Legislative Reference Service — начальник справочной юридической службы (МО)

director, Major Weapon Systems Acquisition — начальник управления закупок основных систем оружия (МО)

director, Marine Corps Reserve — начальник отдела по вопросам резерва МП

director, Materiel Acquisition Policy — начальник управления разработки планов закупок оружия и военной техники (МО)

director, Materiel Requirements — начальник отдела определения потребностей в оружии и военной технике

director, Medical Plans and Resources — начальник управления ресурсов и планов медицинского обеспечения (ВВС)

director, Military Assistance Office — Бр. начальник управления по оказанию военной помощи иностранным государствам (СВ)

director, Military Survey — Бр. начальник топографического управления (СВ)

director, Military Technology — начальник управления военной технологии (МО)

director, Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment — Бр. начальник управления БМ и инженерной техники

director, National Intelligence Systems — начальник управления национальных систем разведки (МО)

director, NATO/European Affairs — начальник управления по делам НАТО и стран Европы (МО)

director, Naval Laboratories — начальник управления научно-исследовательских лабораторий ВМС

director, Near Eastern and South Asian Region — начальник управления стран Ближнего Востока и Южной Азии (МО)

director, Negotiations Policy — начальник управления разработки планов ведения переговоров (МО)

director, Net Assessment — начальник управления всесторонней оценки программ (МО)

director, NSA — директор АНБ

director, Offensive and Space Systems — начальник управления космических средств и систем наступательного оружия (МО)

director, Office of Congressional Travel/Security Clearances — начальник отдела организации поездок членов Конгресса и оформления допуска к секретным материалам (МО)

director, Office of Dependents Schools — начальник отдела по вопросам воспитания и образования детей военнослужащих (МО)

director, Office of Research and Administration — начальник управления НИР и административного обеспечения (МО)

director, Operations — начальник оперативного управления [отдела]

director, Personnel and Employment Service-Washington — начальник отдела кадров для гражданских служащих зоны Вашингтона (СВ)

director, Personnel Council — председатель совета по делам ЛС (ВВС)

director, Personnel Plans — начальник управления планирования подготовки ЛС (ВВС)

director, Personnel Programs — начальник управления разработки программ использования ЛС (ВВС)

director, Planning and Health Policy Analysis — начальник управления планирования и развития здравоохранения (МО)

director, Planning and Requirements Review — начальник управления планирования и анализа потребностей (МО)

director, Planning — начальник управления планирования (МО)

director, Plans and Programs — начальник управления разработки планов и программ

director, Policy Research — начальник управления политических исследований (МО)

director, Program Control and Administration — начальник управления по административным вопросам и контролю за выполнением программ

director, Program Management — начальник управления по руководству разработкой программ (МО)

director, R&D and Procurement — начальник отдела НИОКР и заготовок

director, Religious Education — руководитель отделения [секции] религиозного образования (СВ)

director, Resource Management Office — начальник отдела управления ресурсами (СВ)

director, Royal Aircraft Establishment — Бр. директор НИЦ авиационной техники

director, Royal Armament R&D Establishment — Бр. директор НИЦ вооружений

director, Royal Armored Corps — Бр. начальник бронетанковых войск

director, Royal Artillery — Бр. начальник артиллерийского управления

director, Royal Signals and Radar Establishments — Бр. директор НИЦ средств связи и РЛ техники

director, SALT/Arms Control Support Group — начальник группы обеспечения переговоров в рамках ОСВ по контролю над вооружениями

director, Security Assistance Plans and Programs — начальник управления разработки планов и программ военной помощи иностранным государствам

director, Security Plans and Programs — начальник управления разработки планов и программ обеспечения безопасности (МО)

director, Space Activities Office — начальник управления космических программ (МО)

director, Space and Building Management Service-Washington — начальник службы эксплуатации объектов зоны Вашингтона (СВ)

director, Space Systems — начальник управления космических систем (ВВС)

director, Special Projects — начальник управления специальных проектов (МО)

director, Special Studies — начальник управления специальных НИР

director, Special Weapons — начальник управления специальных видов оружия

director, Strategic and Theater C2 Systems — начальник управления разработки систем руководства и управления ВС в стратегическом масштабе и на ТВД

director, Strategic Forces Policy — начальник управления разработки вопросов развития стратегических сил

director, Strategic Planning — начальник отдела стратегического планирования

director, Strategic Plans — начальник отдела стратегического планирования

director, Strategic Policy — начальник управления разработки стратегических проблем (МО)

director, Strategic Technology — начальник управления разработки стратегических систем оружия (МО)

director, Studies and Analyses Staff — начальник отдела исследований и анализа (СВ)

director, Surveillance and Warning — начальник управления систем наблюдения и оповещения (МО)

director, Tactical Intelligence Systems — начальник управления тактических систем разведки (МО)

director, Tactical Technology — начальник управления разработки тактических систем оружия (МО)

director, Technology and Arms Transfer Policy — начальник управления разработки основ передачи военной технологии и вооружений

director, Technology Trade — начальник управления по торговым операциям в области технологии

director, Territorial Army and Cadets — Бр. начальник управления территориальной армии и кадетских организаций

director, Theater Nuclear Force Policy — начальник управления разработки программ развития ядерных сил на ТВД

director, Underwater Weapons Projects — Бр. начальник отдела разработки проектов подводного оружия

director, USAF Judiciary — начальник отдела судопроизводства ВВС США

director, Washington Headquarters Services — начальник административноштабной службы зоны Вашингтона

director, Weapons (Production) — Бр. начальник управления по производству систем оружия

director, Women's RAF — Бр. начальник женской вспомогательной службы ВВС

director, Women's Royal Naval Service — Бр. начальник женской вспомогательной службы ВМС

Executive director, Industrial Security — начальник управления обеспечения сохранения военной тайны на промышленных предприятиях (МО)

Executive director, Quality Assurance — начальник управления обеспечения качества (продукции МО)

Executive director, Technical and Logistics Services — начальник управления служб МТО (МО)

Managing director, Royal Ordnance Factories — Бр. начальник управления военных заводов

Principal director Office of the Deputy Under-Secretary, Policy Planning — начальник управления [первый помощник заместителя МО] по планированию военно-политических программ

Staff director, Installation Services and Environmental Protection — начальник управления обслуживания объектов и защиты окружающей среды (МО)

Staff director, Management Review — начальник управления анализа организационных проблем (МО)

Staff director, Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization — начальник управления по связям с мелкими и льготными предприятиями (МО)

Vice director, Management and Operations Defense Intelligence Agency — первый заместитель начальника разведывательного управления МО по вопросам руководства операциями

— AA director

— artillery director

— assistant deputy director

— Assistant director of Ordnance Stores

— assistant director

— Associate director for Financial and Manpower Audits

— Associate director for Intelligence and Communications Audits

— Associate director for Special Program Audits

— CIA director

— Deputy Assistant director of Ordnance Stores

— deputy assistant director

— deputy associate director

— Deputy director for Advanced Technology

— Deputy director for Research

— Deputy director of Defense Research and Engineering for Electronics and Information Systems

— Deputy director of Defense Research and Engineering for Research and Technology

— Deputy director of Defense Research and Engineering for Strategic and Space Systems

— Deputy director of Defense Research and Engineering for Tactical Warfare Programs

— Deputy director of Ordnance Stores

— deputy director

— director for Administrative Support

— director for Audiovisual Management Policy

— director for Community Relations

— director for Counterintelligence and Security Policy

— director for Defense Information

— director for External Affairs

— director for Freedom of Information and Security Review

— director for Industrial Security Clearance Review

— director for Intelligence Policy

— director for Legislative Liaison

— director for Logistics Joint Staff

— director for Management

— director for Public Affairs

— director for Scientific and Technical Intelligence

— director for Tactical Operations

— director of Administration

— director of Administrative Planning

— director of Admission

— director of Armament Development

— director of Army Contracts

— director of Army Education

— director of Army Legal Services

— director of Army Medicine and Consulting Physician to the Army

— director of Army Pathology and Consulting Pathologist

— director of Army Physical Training Corps

— director of Army Postal Services

— director of Army Quartering

— director of Army Recruiting

— director of Army Royal Signals

— director of Army Staff Duties director

— director of Army Surgery and Consulting Surgeon to the Army

— director of Army Technical Information

— director of Army Training

— director of Army Welfare and Education

— director of Budget

— director of Central Intelligence

— director of Civil Law

— director of Civilian Personnel

— director of Combat Development

— director of Computer Resources

— director of Construction

— director of Contracting and Acquisition Policy

— director of Cost and Management Analysis

— director of Defense Program Analysis and Evaluation

— director of Development and Programming

— director of Economic Adjustment

— director of Education

— director of Engineer Stores

— director of Engineering and Housing

— director of Engineering and Services

— director of Equipment and Requirements

— director of Estimates

— director of European Interallied Planning

— director of Evaluation

— director of Foreign Intelligence

— director of Fortifications and Works

— director of Graves Registration

— director of HQ Support

— director of Industrial Operations

— director of Infantry

— director of Instruction

— director of Intelligence

— director of International Logistics

— director of International Programs

— director of Joint Intelligence Bureau

— director of Logistics Plans and Programs

— director of Logistics

— director of Maintenance and Supply

— director of Maintenance

— director of Management and Resources

— director of Management and Support of Intelligence

— director of Manpower and Organization

— director of Manpower Planning

— director of Marine Corps History and Museums

— director of Mechanical Engineering

— director of Medical Policy and Plans

— director of Military Applications

— director of Military Intelligence

— director of Military Operations

— director of Missile Intelligence

— director of Movements

— director of Munitions

— director of Music

— director of NATO Standardization

— director of Naval Administration

— director of Naval Dental Services

— director of Naval Intelligence

— director of Naval Reserve

— director of Naval Ship Production

— director of Naval Warfare

— director of Navy Program Planning

— director of Officers Assignments

— director of Operational Requirements

— director of Operational Training

— director of Operations Air Defence

— director of Operations Air Transport

— director of Operations and Readiness

— director of Operations Division

— director of Ordnance Stores

— director of Organization and Training

— director of Personal Services

— director of Personnel Administration

— director of Personnel and Community Affairs

— director of Personnel and Security

— director of Personnel

— director of Plans

— director of Policy Air Staff

— director of Postings and Careers Kan

— director of Postings

— director of Procurement Policy

— director of Program Analysis and Evaluation

— director of Program Integration

— director of Programs

— director of Public Affairs

— director of Public Relations

— director of Quartering

— director of R&D

— director of Radio Engineering

— director of Regional Activities

— director of Reserve Affairs

— director of Royal Army Dental Corps

— director of Security

— director of Service Intelligence

— director of Service

— director of Ship Design and Engineering

— director of Signals

— director of Space Systems and

— director of Strategic Target Planning

— director of Supply and Maintenance

— director of Surface Weapon Projects

— director of Tactical Investigation

— director of tactics

— director of Technical Training

— director of the Army Staff

— director of Training Plans

— director of Transportation

— director of Weapons and Development

— director of Welfare Services

— director of Works

— duty director

— executive director

— exercise director

— exercise test director

— fighter director

— fire control director

— fiscal director

— food director

— funeral director

— ground director

— gun director

— illuminating director

— intercept director

— medical director

— missile director

— National Armaments director

— optronic AA fire director

— recreation center director

— safety director

— senior air director

— Staff director for Military Personnel

— staff director

— state civil defense director

— study director

— tactical air director

— TV AA fire director

— TV-laser AA fire director

— Vice director

— war game director

— weapons director

English-Russian military dictionary > director
6 system

1) система || системный

2) вычислительная система

3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор

4) система уравнений

5) вчт большая программа

6) метод; способ; алгоритм

•

system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)

- system for event evaluation and review

- system for interactive design

- system of demand equations

- system of units

- system on glass

- 2-2-4 system

- 4-2-4 system

- 4-4-4 system

- absolutely centralized computer system

- access control list system

- accounting system

- Accutrack 400 system

- action logic system

- action-translation system

- active array antenna system

- active night-vision system

- activity-based costing system

- adaptive control system

- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

- ADE system

- adjoint system

- aerial system

- aerospace support system

- AEW system

- AGS system

- airborne early-warning system

- airborne warning and control system

- airborne weather radar system

- aircraft collision avoidance system

- airfield communication system

- air-traffic control system

- air-traffic control radar-beacon system

- airways environmental radar information system

- alignment-and-exposure system

- all-weather guidance system

- all-weather landing system

- alpha system

- alpha reinforcement system

- alternation-product block-cipher system

- analog protection system

- Andrew file system

- antenna-ground system

- antishock system

- antiskip system

- applet file system

- application control and management system

- application development system

- Armstrong frequency-modulation system

- ASR system

- asymmetric cryptographic system

- asynchronous address communication system

- asynchronous-multiplex system

- ATC system

- attached processor system

- attended system

- A-type Dolby system

- A-type professional Dolby system

- audio system

- audio noise-reduction Dolby system

- audiovisual system

- author system

- authoring system

- automated design engineering system

- automated vision system

- automatic coding system

- automatic computer-controlled electronic scanning system

- automatic control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic degaussing system

- automatic degaussing control system

- automatic digital encoding system

- automatic gain stabilization system

- automatic intercept system

- automatic noise-reduction system

- automatic program search system

- automatic programmable logic array synthesis system

- automatic radio direction-finding system

- automatic speech-recognition system

- automatic stabilization and control system

- automatic tape calibration system

- automatic-telephone system

- automatic test system

- automatic tuning system

- automatic vacuum deposition system

- automobile navigation system

- autonomous system

- avionics system

- aware system

- balance-line system

- ballistic-missile early-warning system

- band-limited system

- bandwidth compression system

- BAR system

- bare-bones system

- base station system

- baseband radar system

- basic input/output system

- batch-processing system

- Batten system

- BCF system

- beam-current feedback system

- beam-forming system

- beam-guidance system

- beam-rider control system

- beep-only system

- beep-plus-voice system

- billing system

- binary system

- binary number system

- bit-serial system

- blind approach beacon system

- bridge duplex system

- broadcast television system

- B-type Dolby system

- B-type simplified Dolby system

- building-block CAD system

- built-in expert system

- bus system

- business information system

- cable distribution system

- cable modem termination system

- CACE system

- CAD system

- CADIC system

- CAE system

- call queuing system

- calorimeter system

- carrier system

- carrier-communication system

- carrier-telegraph system

- case-based expert system

- CATV system

- CD-4 system

- celestial coordinate system

- celestial guidance system

- cellular radio system

- central-battery system

- central-control system

- central nervous system

- centralized automatic trouble-location system

- centralized computer system

- CF system

- CGS system

- CGS electromagnetic system

- CGS electrostatic system

- chaff communication system

- Chain Home radar system

- chain rdr system

- chaotic system

- chirp radar system

- CH radar system

- ciphertext autokey system

- Civis system

- classifier system

- closed bus system

- closed-circuit television system

- closed-cycle control system

- closed-loop control system

- closed-loop servo system

- cloud and collision warning system

- clutter rejection system

- CMY system

- CMYK system

- coarse-fine system

- code addressed system

- coherent carriers system

- coherent spread-spectrum system

- collision avoidance system

- color management system

- COM system

- command system

- command and control system

- command-driven system

- command guidance system

- command-line operating system

- common system

- common carrier system

- common Internet file system

- common timing system

- communication system

- communications and tracking system

- communications switching system

- community antenna television system

- compact-disk file system

- compatible color television system

- compatible single-sideband system

- compatible stereo system

- compatible stereo-quadraphonic record system

- compatible time-sharing system

- complete residue system

- complex system

- composite guidance system

- compound interferometer system

- computer system

- computer-aided control engineering system

- computer-aided design and test system

- computer-aided engineering system

- computer-aided IC design system

- computer-aided retrieval system

- computer-aided voice wiring system

- computer-assisted radar display system

- computer-augmented oscilloscope system

- computer-based expert system

- computer-based photoelectric-counting system

- computer-controlled system

- computer-controlled electron-beam system

- computer-controlled recording system

- computer output microfilm system

- computer process control system

- computer vision system

- computing system

- configurable system

- configurable business system

- connected-speech recognition system

- connectionist system

- conservative system

- constant-frequency variable-dot system

- content scrambling system

- continuous presence system

- continuous-wave tracking system

- control system

- conversational system

- conversational program system

- Cook system

- cooling system

- cooperative system

- coordinate system

- copy generation management system

- correlated orientation tracking and range system

- correlation tracking system

- correlation tracking and triangulation system

- cotar system

- cotat system

- countermeasure system

- CPsystem

- crossband system

- crossbar system

- cross-development system

- crossed-coincident microphone system

- cryptographic system

- crystal system

- CSR system

- C-type Dolby system

- cubic crystal system

- current awareness system

- customer information control system

- data system

- data-acquisition system

- data-banking system

- database management system

- database management system for workgroups

- data-collection system

- data collection and reduction system

- data communication system

- data-compression system

- data-gathering system

- data-handling system

- data management system

- data-processing system

- data reduction system

- data-retrieval system

- data-transmission system

- dc diode sputtering system

- dc self-synchronous system

- dc triode sputter deposition system

- DDC system

- decentralized computer system

- decimal system

- decimal number system

- decision support system

- dedicated system

- deep submicron system

- defense message system

- descriptor-based protection system

- DEW system

- df antenna system

- diagnostic information system

- dial telephone switching system

- differential duplex system

- differential global positioning system

- Diffie-Hellman system

- digital system

- digital access and cross-connect system

- digital cellular system

- digital cellular system 1800 MHz

- digital data-handling system

- digital link management system

- digital private network signaling system

- Digital Research disk operating system

- digital switching system

- digital television system

- digital voice communication system

- direct-challenge system

- direct-dialing telephone system

- direct-digital control system

- direct-feedback system

- direct program search system

- direction-finder antenna system

- directory assistance system

- direct-sequence system

- direct-spread system

- disaster tolerant disk system

- discrete-address beacon system

- discrete-addressed beacon system

- discrete dynamic system

- discrete-parameter system

- discrete sound system

- discriminating-call system

- discriminating-ring system

- disk operating system

- disperse system

- display system

- dissipative system

- distant early-warning system

- distributed system

- distributed control system

- distributed data base management system

- distributed file system

- distributed information processing system

- distributed-parameter system

- distributed-processing system

- distributed software system

- document preparation system

- document viewing system

- Dolby system

- Dolby A system

- Dolby AC-3 system

- Dolby B system

- Dolby C system

- Dolby Digital system

- Dolby Headroom Extension Pro system

- Dolby HX Pro system

- Dolby Noise Reduction system

- Dolby NR system

- Dolby S system

- Dolby Spectral system

- Dolby Surround system

- Dolby Surround Pro-Logic system

- domain name system

- domestic satellite communication system

- Doppler inertial system

- dot-sequential system

- dot-sequential color-television system

- double capstan system

- dp system

- DS system

- dual fail-safe system

- duplex system

- duplicated system

- dynamic system

- early-warning system

- Earth-satellite-Earth communication system

- Edison power distribution system

- educational expert system

- effective technical and human implementation of computer-based systems

- eight-track cartridge system

- electromechanically driven projection system

- electron beam deflection system

- electron-beam exposure system

- electronic countermeasures system

- electronic data-processing system

- electronic document management system

- electronic funds transfer system

- electronic guidance system

- electronic identification system

- electronic mail system

- electronic meeting system

- electronic performance support system

- electronic-scanning system

- electronic scanning radar system

- electronic switching system

- electronic tracking system

- electron-optical system

- electrooptic light-modulation system

- e-mail system

- embedded system

- emergent system

- end system

- enhanced digital access communications system

- enhanced total access communication system

- enterprise system

- enterprise network management system

- entry-level system

- EOLM system

- equatorial satellite communication system

- equatorial-orbit satellite communication system

- equilibrium system

- equivalent four-wire system

- error-correcting reinforcement system

- error-correcting telegraph system

- error-detecting and feedback system

- European communications satellite system

- European fixed service satellite system

- European radio messaging system

- Eurovision system

- evolutionary stable system

- executive system

- executive information system

- expert system

- extended file system-2

- extra bass system

- extraterrestrial reconnaissance system

- Fabry-Perot mirror system

- facsimile system

- fail-safe system

- fail-soft system

- failure resistant disk system

- failure tolerant disk system

- FAT16 file system

- FAT32 file system

- fault resilient system

- FDM system

- FEC system

- federated system

- feed system

- feedback-control system

- feed-forward system

- fiber-optics system

- fiber optics transmission system

- field system

- field-sequential system

- field-sequential color television system

- field skip system

- file system

- file-control system

- file-oriented system

- film-based projection system

- financial expert system

- first generation wireless system

- fixed-point system

- fixer system

- flat file system

- flexible manufacturing system

- floating-point system

- forced-air cooling system

- forward error control system

- forward-loop system

- four-channel sound system

- four-level system

- fractal information system

- frame-alignment system

- freeway surveillance and control system

- frequency-carrier system

- frequency-division multiplex system

- frequency-hopping system

- frequency-reuse satellite system

- fuel-cell system

- full field system

- future public land mobile telephone system

- fuzzy system

- fuzzy control system

- fuzzy expert system

- fuzzy logic expert system

- 3Gwireless system

- gamma system

- gamma reinforcement system

- gate-array CAD system

- Gauss system

- generalized information system

- general-purpose display system

- geographical information system

- geolocation system

- Giorgi system

- global system

- global system for mobile communication

- global communication system

- global navigation satellite system

- global positioning system

- global telecommunication system

- global time-synchronization system

- graphical kernel system

- ground system

- ground-based scanning antenna system

- ground-control system

- ground-controlled approach system

- ground electrooptical deep-space surveillance system

- ground guidance system

- ground information processing system

- ground instrumentation system

- ground proximity warning system

- group decision support system

- group support system

- guidance system

- H-system

- h-system

- Hamiltonian system

- hard system

- hardware system

- Hartree system

- heat-seeking system

- helium refrigeration system

- heterogeneous agent system

- heuristic-based expert system

- hexagonal crystal system

- hierarchical database management system

- hierarchical file system

- hierarchical recognition system

- high-accuracy data transmission system

- high-density modem system

- high performance file system

- highway system

- HLS system

- holographic ice surveying system

- holographic recording and readout system

- home audio system

- homer system

- homing system

- horn-lens system

- host-based system

- HSB system

- HSV system

- hung system

- hybrid computer system

- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system

- hyperbolic guidance system

- hyperbolic navigation system

- hyperbolic radar system

- hypertext authoring systems

- identification system

- image-forming system

- image information system

- image-processing system

- independent system

- inertial system

- inertial control system

- inertial instrument system

- inertial navigation system

- inertial space reference system

- infinite-dimensional system

- infinitely-fast control system

- information system

- information and control system

- information exchange system

- information-feedback system

- information management system

- information-retrieval system

- infrared heat-seeking system

- infrared search track system

- input/output control system

- inquiry and communications system

- installable file system

- instant program locating system

- instrument-landing system

- insulation system

- integrated antenna system

- intelligence system

- intelligent knowledge-base system

- interactive system

- interactive application system

- interactive design system

- interactive graphics system

- interactive pattern analysis and classification system

- interactive software system

- interactive voice system

- intercarrier sound system

- inter-city telecommunications system

- intercommunication system

- interconnection system

- interference position monitoring system

- intermediate system

- intermediate system to intermediate system

- intermittent control system

- internetwork operating system

- inter-organization system

- interphone system

- interplanetary radar system

- interpretating system

- interrupt system

- Intervision system

- intranet-extranet system

- intrusion detection system

- inverted spin system

- ionoscatter system

- isolated-word recognition system

- isometric crystal system

- isotropic system

- iterated function system

- iterative product-cipher system

- Japanese cellular system

- Java operation system

- J-carrier system

- job entry system

- joint surveillance system

- joint tactical information distribution system

- Ksystem

- K-carrier system

- keyboard-to-disk system

- keyboard-to-tape system

- knowledge system

- knowledge base system

- knowledge-based system

- knowledge-based decision support system

- knowledge-based management system

- Kolmogorov system

- Lsystem

- L*a*b* system

- laminar navigation anticollision system

- laminar air navigation anticollision system

- land mobile radio system

- laser communication system

- laser-deflection system

- laser inertial navigation system

- laser tracking system

- lasing system

- L-carrier system

- LCH system

- learning control system

- left-handed system

- left-handed coordinate system

- legacy system

- lenticular-screen projection system

- life support system

- lightning protective system

- lightwave system

- Lindenmayer system

- linear system

- linear-classifier system

- linear feedback control system

- line-of-sight system

- line-sequential system

- line-sequential color television system

- lithography system

- local area augmentation system

- local battery system

- logical input/output control system

- log-structured file system

- long base-line system

- longitudinal video recording system

- long-range-accuracy radio system

- long-range search system

- Lorenz instrumental landing system

- Lotka-Volterra system

- lossless system

- lossy system

- loudspeaker system

- low-altitude detection system

- lumped-parameter system

- LVR system

- Macintosh file system

- MADA system

- maglev system

- magnetic-levitation system

- mail abuse prevention system

- major-deflection electromagnetic system

- malfunction detection system

- management information system

- management intellectual system

- man-computer system

- man-machine system

- man-machine control system

- manned control system

- manufacturing execution system

- many-level system

- many-energy-level system

- many-particle system

- marketing information system

- maser communication system

- Massachusetts general hospital utility multiprogramming system

- mass-storage system

- master/slave computer system

- matrix sound system

- mature system

- mechanical display system

- mechanical television system

- medical expert system

- message-composition system

- message handling system

- message-rate system

- message-switched communication system

- meta class system

- meta-information system

- metallization system

- meteor-burst communication system

- meteor-scatter-system

- metric system

- microcomputer system

- microcomputer-development system

- microelectromechanical system

- microelectronic system

- microprocessor-based spatial-locating system

- microprocessor-controlled system

- microprocessor delay system

- microprocessor development system

- Microsoft disk operating system

- microwave-beam power-transfer system

- microwave-hologram recording system

- microwave landing system

- microwave relay system

- middle-side system

- military expert system

- military information system

- MIMO system

- minicomputer system

- MKS system

- MKS rationalized system

- mobile telephone system

- mode-converting system

- model-based expert system

- model reference adaptive system

- modular system

- modular breadboarding system

- monitor system

- monoclinic crystal system

- monopulse tracking system

- M-S stereo system

- multi-address asynchronous communication system

- multiagent computer system

- multichannel microwave distribution system

- multicomputer system

- multienergy-level system

- multiline digital voice-response system

- multimedia authoring systems

- multiple-access discrete-address system

- multiple-input multiple-output system

- multiple-processor system

- multiple user system

- multiplex system

- multiplexed information and computing system

- multiplicative array antenna system

- multipoint video distribution system

- multipole system

- multiprocessing system

- multiprocessor system

- multitarget sputtering system

- multitrack recording system

- multiuser system

- multivariable system

- Munsell system

- mutual broadcasting system

- national information processing system

- naval communications system

- navigation system

- near-eye system

- near instantaneous companding system

- nearest-neighbor classifier system

- negative reinforcement system

- neomorphic system

- NetWare management system

- network administration system

- network basic input/output system

- network computing system

- network control system

- network data base management system

- network file system

- network operating system

- neuro-fuzzy system

- new technology file system

- nodal switching system

- noise-reducing antenna system

- noise-reduction system

- non-attended system

- non-equilibrium system

- nonlinear system

- nonlinear feedback control system

- nonredundant system

- nonrepairable system

- nonstop system

- NT file system

- number system

- numeral system

- numerical control system

- object-oriented data base management system

- office information system

- off-line system

- OLCA system

- OLCD system

- omnidirectional speaker system

- on-demand system

- on-line system

- on-line circuit-analysis system

- on-line circuit-design system

- on-line computer system

- online fault-tolerant system

- on-line processing system

- on-off system

- on-off telegraph system

- open system

- open bus system

- open-loop system

- open-tube system

- operating system

- operation system

- operational support system

- operator services system

- optical communication system

- optical data-processing system

- optical detection and ranging system

- optical disk recording system

- optical-fiber transmission system

- optical-radar system

- optical recognition system

- optical tracking system

- optical TV communication system

- optimizing control system

- optoelectronic system

- organic system

- organizational decision support system

- orthorhombic crystal system

- p-system

- PA system

- packaged system

- packetized automatic routing integrated system

- packet-switched data transmission system

- pagemaster system

- pager-phone system

- paging system

- parallel-redundant system

- parallel software system

- parametric system

- partitioned-type memory-allocation system

- passive homing system

- passive tracking system

- pattern matching system

- pattern recognition system

- peak-holdings system

- peek-a-boo system

- peripheral-oriented microcomputer system

- personal call system

- personal computer system

- personal computer disk operating system

- personal data system

- personal handy-phone system

- personal locator system

- phased-array warning system

- phase-locked system

- phase-locked loop system

- Philips DNL system

- Philips dynamic noise-limiter system

- phonetic system

- phonocard system

- photoelectric-guidance system

- photographic projection system

- photomasking system

- photovoltaic power system

- picture coding system

- picture quality system

- pilot system

- plane parallel Fabry-Perot system

- plant automation communications system

- plasma-deposition system

- PLL system

- plug-in modular system

- portable life support system

- position control system

- positive reinforcement system

- power system

- predictive system

- predictive expert system

- priority system

- privacy system

- processing system

- production system

- production expert system

- production inventory control system

- program development system

- programmable system

- programmable airline reservation system

- projection cathode-ray tube system

- projection display system

- property management system

- pseudoquadraphony system

- pseudorandom coded system

- public-address system

- public-address reinforcement system

- public expert system

- public-key system

- public-key cryptographic system

- public telephone system

- pulsed Doppler system

- pulsed FM system

- pulse-modulation system

- QS matrix system

- quadraphonic sound system

- quadruple-diversity system

- quasi-linear feedback control system

- queuing system

- quick fax system

- RADA system

- radar augmentation system

- radar braking system

- radar cross-section instrumentation system

- radar guidance system

- radar identification system

- radar imaging system

- radio command system

- radiocommunication system

- radio data system

- radio-guidance system

- radio-inertial-guidance system

- radionavigation system

- radio-relay system

- radiosonde-radio-wind system

- random-access discrete-address system

- range rate tracking system

- range tracking system

- ranging system

- rapid-scan system

- rationalized system of equations

- readout system

- real-time system

- real-time data system

- real-time expert system

- real-time multi-platform UNIX operating system

- real-time operating system

- Rebecca-Eureka system

- receiver lockout system

- recognition system

- reconfigurable system

- recording system

- recursive system

- redundant system

- reel-to-reel tape transport system

- regulating system

- reinforcement system

- relational data base management system

- relay system

- reliability index system

- remote system

- remote concentrating system

- remote file system

- remote semiconcentrating system

- remote sensing system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- repairable system

- reproducing system

- rerecording system

- response-controlled reinforcement system

- restorable system

- restricted connected-speech recognition system

- retrieval system

- RF sputtering system

- RGB system

- rhombohedral crystal system

- rho-theta system

- right-handed system

- right-handed coordinate system

- robot system

- robotics system

- rod memory system

- rotating coordinate system

- rule-based expert system

- run-time system

- sampled-data system

- sampling system

- satellite business system

- satellite communications system

- satellite data transmission system

- satellite multiple-access communication system

- satellite radio system

- satellite-switched multiple-access system

- scanning-projection system

- schlieren system

- scientific expert system

- Scophony television system

- searchless identification system

- second generation wireless system

- secrecy system

- secret-key cryptographic system

- self-adaptive system

- self-adjusting system

- self-contained system

- self-guidance system

- self-organizing system

- self-organizing control system

- self-organizing multiple-access discrete-address system

- self-oscillatory system

- self-structuring system

- self-test system

- self-testing system

- selsyn system

- semiactive-homing system

- semiautomatic telephone system

- sequential software system

- serial copy management system

- serial copying management system

- service provisioning system

- servo system

- ship's inertial marine navigational system

- ship's self-contained navigation system

- short-range air navigation system

- short-range Doppler system

- SI system

- signaling system

- simultaneous system

- simultaneous TV system

- single-degree-of-freedom system

- single-input single-output system

- single-sideband system

- single-track magnetic system

- singular equation system

- SISO system

- SOC system

- socio-technical system

- soft system

- soft eject system

- software system

- solar system

- sound-recording system

- sound-reinforcement system

- sound-reproducing system

- space-communication system

- space detection and tracking system

- space-variant pattern-recognition system

- speaker system

- speaker-adaptive system

- speaker-dependent system

- speaker-independent system

- speaker-recognition system

- speaker verification system

- speech-enhancement system

- speech input/output system

- speech processing system

- speech-recognition system

- speech understanding system

- spin system

- spinodal system

- split-screen system

- split-speaker system

- spread-spectrum system

- SQ matrix system

- stand-alone system

- stand-alone expert system

- stand-alone graphics system

- standard electronics assembly system

- standby power system

- standing-wave system

- stand-off target acquisition system

- star system

- start-stop system

- static system

- static ripple imaging system

- stationary-wave system

- step-and-repeat system

- step-by-step system

- stereo microphone system

- stereo sound system

- sticks layout system

- stimulus-controlled reinforcement system

- stochastic system

- storage and retrieval system

- stored-program electronic-switching system

- strapping system

- Strowger system

- structured cabling system

- structured design system

- structured software system

- structured wiring system

- submarine-cable system

- subscriber carrier system

- super anti-modulation tape system

- superconductor energy-storage system

- super video home system

- supervisory control system

- switched access system

- symbol system

- symbolic system

- symbolic interactive design system

- symmetric cryptographic system

- synchro system

- synchronous data link control system

- tactical air navigation system

- tactical communication system

- talking Rebecca-Eureka system

- tape auto-stop system

- tape operating system

- tape-transport system

- TDM system

- telecine system

- telecommunication system

- telemetering system

- telemetry system

- telemetry data processing system

- telemetry information system

- telephone system

- telephone-answering system

- telephone intercommunication system

- telephone video system

- teleprocessing system

- Teleran system

- teletypewriter switching system

- television identification system

- television relay system

- tetragonal crystal system

- text system

- thermal imaging system

- third generation wireless system

- three-phase four-wire system

- three-way speaker system

- time-division multiplex system

- time-frequency collision avoidance system

- time-invariant system

- time reference system

- time-sharing system

- time-varying system

- total access communication system

- touch system

- tracking system

- traffic-alert and collision avoidance system

- traffic control and surveillance system

- traffic control signal system

- trainable system

- trajectory-measuring system

- transaction processing system

- transcontinental communication system

- transform adaptable-processing system

- transmission system

- transmitter-receiver system

- transputer system

- triclinic crystal system

- trigger-starting system

- trigonal crystal system

- triple interlace system

- triplex system

- troposcatter system

- tropospheric radio system

- trunk -system

- tse system

- turntable drive system

- turnkey system

- two-channel sound system

- two-coordinate scanning system

- two-field interlace system

- two-phase five-wire system

- two-phase four-wire system

- two-phase three-wire system

- two-turntable quick-start system

- two-way system

- type system

- UCSD p-system

- unattended system

- underdetermined system

- underwater viewing system

- ungrounded system

- uniplexed information and computing system

- uniprocessor system

- universal battery system

- universal mobile telecommunication system

- universal serial bus system

- unmanned system

- unrestorable system

- USB system

- value system

- variable-structure system

- V-beam system

- vehicle control system

- vehicular disk reproduction system

- very early warning system

- vibrating system

- video cassette recording system

- video editing system

- video-encoding system

- videofile television record storage system

- video home system

- Videotex system

- virtual key cryptographic system

- virtual memory system

- vision system

- visual communication system

- voice/data system

- voice-frequency telegraph system

- voice operating system

- voice recognition system

- voice-response system

- wafer imaging system

- waiting system

- wave-propagating system

- Web network file system

- wide area augmentation system

- wired broadcasting system

- Wollaston-prism digital light-deflector system

- word processing system

- word recognition system

- word-serial system

- writing system

- X-window system

- x-y-z coordinate system

- system Y-

- y-system

- YIQ system

- YUV system

- Δ-system

English-Russian electronics dictionary > system
7 PAM

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine

2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles

3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide

4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles

5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module

6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles

7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company

8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management

9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)

10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage

11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера

12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор

13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа

14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market

15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method

16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)

17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide

18) Автоматика: positive active material

19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime

20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)

21) Должность: Professional Audience Member

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > PAM
8 Pam

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine

2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles

3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide

4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles

5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module

6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles

7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company

8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management

9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)

10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage

11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера

12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор

13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа

14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market

15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method

16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)

17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide

18) Автоматика: positive active material

19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime

20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)

21) Должность: Professional Audience Member

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Pam
9 pam

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Percent Of Accepted Mutations, Professions Allied to Medicine

2) Морской термин: пассивный гидроакустический мониторинг, passive acoustic monitoring, Porte Autonome de Marseilles

3) Медицина: portative activity monitor, pyridine aldoxime methiodide, pyridine aldoximine methiodide

4) Военный термин: Phoenix airborne missile, Procurement Aircraft and Missiles, partial mobilization, payload assist module, permanent active militia, personnel accounting management, personnel action memorandum, planning, activation, modification, post-acceptance modification, priorities and allocations manual, procurement aids man, procurement of aircraft and missiles

5) Техника: Pozzolan Aggregate Mixture, Pozzolanic Mixtures, peat-alcohol mixture, phone activities manager, polyacryl amide, portable alpha monitor, post accident monitoring, programmable algorithm machine, programmable arm manipulator, propulsion and avionics module

6) Религия: Prayer And Miracles

7) Железнодорожный термин: Pittsburgh Allegheny and McKees Rocks Railroad Company

8) Юридический термин: дивизион PAM (Emerson Process Management contains the Plant Asset Management (PAM) division within the Asset Optimization (AO) Division), Plant Asset Management

9) Сокращение: Pampanga, Payload Assisted Module, Penetration Augmented Munition, Penetration-Augmented Munition (special forces), Permanent Athwartship Magnetism, Pulse Amplification Modulation, Polyciclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Pacific Armies Management, Packetized Audio Mixer, Page Allocation Map (CICS), Pamir (linguistics), Parque de Atracciones de Madrid (amusement park), Partitioning Around Medoids (statistics), Partner Account Manager (sales), Pass Along Message, Passband Amplitude Modulation, Password Authentication Module, Patent Application Management, Payload Accommodation Manager, Payload Activation Message, People's Action Movement (Saint Kitts and Nevis), Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Mono-Oxygenase, Percentage Accepted Mutation (bioinformatics), Perceptual Assimilation Model, Performance Archive Manager (Visual Networks), Performance Assessment Matrix, Pericolo in Mare (Italian: in danger at sea; SOS), Peripheral Adapter Module, Permanent Archive Manager, Personal Address Manager, Personal Alien Manager (gaming), Personal Applications Manager, Personnel Authorizations Module, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (Malaysian Institute of Architects), Pesticide Analytical Manual (FDA), Petersen Automotive Museum (Los Angeles, CA), Physical Activity Monitor, Physical Address Mapping, Plant Available Moisture, Pluggable Authentication Modules (information technology), Point Accepted Mutation, Point Ahead Mirror, Pointer Analysis Module, Pole Amplitude Modulation (system of motor windings), Policies and Measures, Policy Analysis Market (DARPA), Poly-Acrylamide, Porcine Alveolar Macrophage, Port Adapter Module, Port to Application Mapping, Portable Alpha Meter (alpha particle detector), Post-Auricular Muscle, Postaccident Monitoring, Power Amplifier Module, Pre-Assessment Meeting, Precision Attack Missile, Predictive Aircraft Maintenance, Presbyterian Association of Musicians, Presence and Availability Management (PAMF), Pressure-Alkali Monitor, Preventive Aerospace Medicine (team; US DoD), Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (medicine), Primary Automation Manager, Princeton Asset Management, Proactive Asset Management, Proactive Automated Management, Problem Analysis Matrix, Process Algebra Meetings, Process Application Module, Procurement, Aircraft & Missiles, Product Application Modules, Production Application Management, Profile Administration Manager, Program Analysis Memorandum, Program Area Manager, Program Assumptions Memorandum, Programma Alimentare Mondiale, Programmable Active Memory, Programmable Attribute Map, Programmable Authentication Module, Programmable Automotive Microprocessor, Programme Against Malnutrition (Lusaka, Zambia), Programme Alimentaire Mondial (French: World Food Program), Progressive Asset Management (Financial West Group), Promise Array Management, Proud Arabian Mare (Breyer mold), Proud Army Mom, Public Access Manager, Public Affairs Manager, Published Application Manager (Citrix Metaframe Utility), Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage, Pulse Adapter Module, Pulse Amplifier Modulation, Pupil Adjust Mechanism (used on telescopes), Purpose, Audience, Message (writing goals model)

10) Физиология: Pregnancy After Miscarriage

11) Вычислительная техника: Paging Area Memory, Pluggable Authentication Module, partitioned access method, priority access method, Primary Access Method (BS2000), Programmable Attribute Maps (DRAM, PCI), Pluggable Authentication Module (Linux, LISA), Payload Assist Module (Space), pulse-amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для персонального компьютера

12) Иммунология: pulmonary alveolar macrophages, (positive allosteric modulator) позитивный аллостерический модулятор

13) Космонавтика: библиотечный метод доступа

14) Деловая лексика: Promote Advertise Market

15) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: preserved amplitude method

16) Сетевые технологии: Port Address Mapping, Port-Assignment Module, Portable Authentication Module, personal application manager, pulse amplitude modulation, администратор приложений для ПК, импульсно-амплитудная модуляция, модуль назначения портов, программа доступа пользователя, Port Adapter Modules (Cisco)

17) Полимеры: polyacrylamide

18) Автоматика: positive active material

19) Химическое оружие: pralidoxime

20) Расширение файла: Process Automatic Monitor, Pluggable Authentication Module (library)

21) Должность: Professional Audience Member

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > pam
10 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
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the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
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the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
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an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
11 division

отдел; бюро; отделение ( компании) ; сектор; управление; дивизион; дивизия; отсек; (раз)деление; разборка

Advanced Spacecraft and Technology division — НАСА отдел усовершенствованных космических аппаратов и технологии

Aeronomy and Meteorology division — НАСА отдел аэрономии и метеорологии

Aerospace Research Pilot division — отдел подготовки лётчиков-испытателей воздушно-космических аппаратов и космонавтов (на авиабазе им. Эдвардса ВВС США)

Air Organization and Training division — Бр. управление организации и боевой подготовки (авиации ВМС)

Analysis and Computation division — НАСА расчётно-вычислительный отдел

Applied Materials and Physics division — НАСА отдел прикладных материалов и физики

Astrodynamics and Guidance Theory division — НАСА отдел астродинамики и теории управления

Biotechnology and Human Research division — НАСА отдел биотехники и исследований человеческого организма

Chemical Rocket Systems division — НАСА отдел ракетных систем на химическом топливе

Chemistry and Energy Conversion division — НАСА отдел химии и преобразования энергии

continental air defense division — дивизия командования ПВО континентальной части США

Data Acquisition and Systems Analysis division — НАСА отдел получения данных и анализа систем

division of Marine Aviation — Управление авиации морской пехоты США

Dynamics and Flight Mechanics division — НАСА отдел динамики и механики полёта

Electronic Engineering and Instrumentation Systems division — НАСА отдел электронной техники и приборно-измерительных систем

Electronics and Control division — НАСА отдел электроники и управления

Experimental Test Pilot division — школа лётчиков-испытателей (на авиабазе им. Эдвардса ВВС США)

Flight Crew Support division — НАСА отдел обеспечения лётными экипажами

Flight-Evaluation and Operations Studies division — НАСА отдел лётной оценки и исследования операций

Instrumentation and Communications division — НАСА отдел приборно-измерительного оборудования и средств связи

Instrumentation and Electronic Systems division — НАСА отдел приборно-измерительного оборудования и электронных систем

manned flight operations division — отдел полётов пилотируемых ЛА

Manned Space Sciences division — НАСА отдел научных проблем, связанных с полётом человека в космическом пространстве

Manufacturing Research and Technology division — НАСА отдел производственных исследований и технологии производства

Materials and Structures division — НАСА отдел материалов и конструкций

Mechanical and Propulsion Systems division — НАСА отдел механических и двигательных систем

Nuclear Systems and Space Power division — НАСА отдел ядерных систем и источников питания для космических аппаратов

Organization and Personnel division — НАСА отдел организации и личного состава

Planning and Tool Engineering division — НАСА отдел планирования и оснастки

Procurement and Supply division — НАСА отдел закупок и снабжения

Research and Development Applications division — НАСА отдел применения [внедрения] научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ

RF and Telemetry division — НАСА радиотехнический и телеметрический отдел

space power system division — отдел систем питания КЛА

Spacecraft Systems and Project division — НАСА отдел систем КЛА и проектирования

Structure and Mechanics division — НАСА отдел конструкций и механики

— aeronautical systems division

— aerospace medical division

— air armament division

— air defense division

— air division

— airborne division

— aircraft allocations division

— aircraft division

— aircraft maintenance division

— airlift division

— air-mobile division

— airplane division

— airspace division

— allocation division

— armament division

— aviation division

— bombardment air division

— Component Technology division

— Contracts Management division

— Crew Systems division

— division of thrust

— Dynamic Loads division

— Educational Programs division

— Electromagnetic division

— Electromagnetic Propulsion division

— electronic systems division

— Fabrication division

— Facilities Operations division

— Finance division

— Financial Management division

— Fiscal division

— Flight Operations division

— frequency division

— Management Analysis division

— Management Services division

— Mechanical Service division

— missile division

— Nuclear Reactor division

— Plant Management division

— Plant Services division

— procurement division

— Research Reports division

— scale division

— Sounding Rocket division

— space mechanics division

— space sciences division

— spacecraft technology division

— technical information division

— technical programs division

— theoretical division

— time division

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > division
12 marketing

сущ.

1) эк. торговля, реализация, продажа, сбыт (процесс передачи товаров от производителей промежуточным или конечным потребителям)

agricultural marketing — реализация сельхозпродукции

catalogue marketing — продажа по каталогам

ATTRIBUTES: cooperative, direct 1. 3), domestic 1. 2) а), global 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), mass 3. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), regional

See:

cooperative marketing 2), direct marketing 2), domestic marketing 2), global marketing 2), 1), local marketing 2), mass marketing 2), national marketing 2), regional marketing 2) marketing authority, marketing behaviour 2), marketing board, marketing contract, marketing facilities 1), marketing level 2), marketing outlet 2), marketing permit, marketing position 2), marketing potential 2), marketing quota, marketing territory, marketing transaction 2), marketing year, usual marketing requirements, advertising, selling, merchandising

2) марк. маркетинг (система методов и средств продвижения товаров или услуг от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, разработку системы сбыта, рекламу и т. д.)

marketing career — карьера в сфере маркетинга

marketing consultant — консультант по маркетингу

marketing director — маркетинговый директор, директор по маркетингу

marketing executive — маркетинговый руководитель

marketing experience — опыт в области маркетинга

marketing expert — маркетинговый эксперт, эксперт в области маркетинга

marketing expertise — маркетинговая экспертиза, экспертная оценка в области маркетинга

Do we need to improve marketing or simply drop a particular product? — Нужно ли нам улучшить маркетинг или лучше отказаться от какого-л. продукта?

Internet marketing is not as difficult as it sounds. — Маркетинг в интернет не так сложен, как может показаться.

ATTRIBUTES: affinity, agricultural, ambush, back end, bank, bench, brand, business site, business-to-business, buzz, catalogue, cause-related, celebrity, circulation, competitive, concentrated 1) а), consumer goods, consumer, consumer-oriented, convergent, conversion, cooperative, corporate, counter, cross, customized, database, data-driven, developing, differentiated, dimensional, direct mail, direct, direct response, divergent, domestic 2) а), door-to-door, electronic, enlightened, ethnic, event, exponential, export 3. 2) а), farm 1. 1) а), financial 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) б), fraudulent, front end, full-scale, generic, geodemographic, global 1. 1) б), grassroots, green, grey, health care, housing, idea, incentive, industrial 1. 1) а), а, innovative, integrated, interactive, international, Internet, joint, knowledge-based, leveraged, list, local 1. 1) а), mass, media, multichannel, multilevel, multisegment, multistep, national 1. 1) а), negative option, network, niche, non-profit, one-step, one-to-one, on-line, operational, opt-in, opt-out, organic, organizational, permission, person, personal, personnel, place, product, product-differentiated, product-oriented, promotion, promotional, referral, regional, request, retail, scientific, segmented, sense-of-mission, service 1. 2) а), shopper, social, societal, sports, stimulating, strategic, structure, supporting, symbiotic, synchro, tactical, target 3. 2) а), targeted, telephone, television, test, trade, undifferentiated, unsegmented, vacation, value, vendor, video, viral, world

COMBS: four P's of marketing, strategy of marketing

See:

affinity marketing, agricultural marketing, agrimarketing, ambush marketing, back end marketing, back-end marketing, bank marketing, benchmarketing, brand marketing, business site marketing, business-to-business marketing, buzz marketing, catalogue marketing, cause-related marketing, celebrity marketing, circulation marketing, comarketing, co-marketing, competitive marketing, concentrated marketing, consumer goods marketing, consumer marketing, consumer-oriented marketing, convergent marketing, conversion marketing, cooperative marketing 1), corporate marketing, countermarketing, counter-marketing, cross-marketing, customized marketing, database marketing, data-driven marketing, demarketing, developing marketing, differentiated marketing, dimensional marketing, direct mail marketing, direct marketing 1), direct response marketing, direct-mail marketing, divergent marketing, domestic marketing 1), door-to-door marketing, electronic marketing, e-marketing, enlightened marketing, ethnic marketing, event marketing, events marketing, exponential marketing, export marketing, farm marketing, financial marketing, foreign marketing, fraudulent marketing, front end marketing, front-end marketing, full-scale marketing, generic marketing, geodemographic marketing, global marketing 1), grassroots marketing, green marketing, grey marketing, health care marketing, housing marketing, idea marketing, incentive marketing, industrial marketing, innovative marketing, integrated marketing, interactive marketing, international marketing, 2), joint marketing, knowledge-based marketing, leveraged marketing, list marketing, local marketing 1), macromarketing, mass marketing 1), media marketing, megamarketing, micromarketing, micro-marketing, multilevel marketing, multisegment marketing, multistep marketing, multi-step marketing, national marketing 1), negative option marketing, network marketing, niche marketing, non-profit marketing, one-step marketing, one-to-one marketing, on-line marketing, operational marketing, opt-in marketing, opt-out marketing, organic marketing, organizational marketing, permission marketing, person marketing, personal marketing, personnel marketing, place marketing, political candidate marketing, political marketing, pre-emptive marketing, premarketing, pre-marketing, product marketing, product-differentiated marketing, product-oriented marketing, promotion marketing, promotional marketing, referral marketing, regional marketing 1), remarketing, request marketing, retail marketing, scientific marketing, segmented marketing, sense-of-mission marketing, services marketing, shopper marketing, social marketing, societal marketing, sports marketing, stimulating marketing, strategic marketing, structure marketing, supporting marketing, symbiotic marketing, synchro marketing, synchromarketing, tactical marketing, target marketing, targeted marketing, telemarketing, telephone marketing, television marketing, test marketing, trade marketing, undifferentiated marketing, unsegmented marketing, vacation marketing, value marketing, vendor marketing, video marketing, viral marketing, world marketing, marketing action, marketing administration, marketing agency, marketing agreement, marketing analysis, marketing analyst, marketing appeal, marketing approach, marketing area, marketing arithmetic, marketing audit, marketing auditor, marketing behaviour 1), marketing bill, marketing budget, marketing campaign, marketing capability, marketing career, marketing chain, marketing channel, marketing communications, marketing company, marketing concept, marketing consultant, marketing control, marketing cooperation, marketing cooperative, marketing cost, marketing database, marketing decision, marketing department, marketing editor, marketing effectiveness, marketing efficiency, marketing environment, marketing ethics, marketing evaluation, marketing event, marketing expenditure, marketing expense, marketing expense-to-sales analysis, marketing experiment, marketing facilities 2), marketing feasibility, marketing firm, marketing function, marketing image, marketing implications, marketing information system, marketing instrument, marketing intelligence, marketing intermediary, marketing launch, marketing level 1), marketing logistics, marketing man, marketing management, marketing manager, marketing margin, marketing media, marketing medium, marketing middleman, marketing mix, marketing model, marketing myopia, marketing niche, marketing offer, marketing opportunity, marketing organization, marketing orientation, marketing outlet 1), marketing overkill, marketing performance, marketing plan, marketing planning, marketing position 1), marketing positioning, marketing potential 1), marketing productivity, marketing representative, marketing research, marketing response, marketing risk, marketing science, marketing scientist, marketing segmentation, marketing service, marketing specialist, marketing spread, marketing stimulus, marketing strategy, marketing strength, marketing support, marketing system, marketing tactics, marketing technique, marketing tool, marketing transaction 1), marketing value, marketing warfare, marketing weakness, advertising, pricing, promotion, product line, ICC / ESOMAR International Code of Marketing and Social Research Practice, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Journal of Marketing, Marketing Society, American Marketing Association, British Institute of Marketing, Chartered Institute of Marketing, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation

3) торг. покупка продуктов (как правило, на рынке), закупка провизии

I could prove that any male could do the weekly marketing at our local Ding Dong faster than any Mom. — Могу сказать с уверенностью, что любой мужчина может закупать провизию в нашем местном "Динг-Донге" быстрее домохозяйки.

See:

shopping, market 1. 1) а)

4) потр., редк. предметы торговли; купленные товары [продукты\]

See:

grocery

* * *
маркетинг: система методов и средств продвижения товаров от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, организацию сбыта, рекламу и т. д.
* * *

МАРКЕТИНГ
. система организации производственно-сбытовой деятельности предприятия, в основе которой лежит комплексное изучение рынка, оценка и учет всех условий производства и сбыта продукции, товаров, услуг в ближайшее и более отдаленной перспективе. Основными элементами М. выступают: маркетинговые исследования и сбор информации, планирование ассортимента продукции, реализация, реклама и стимулирование сбыта. . Словарь экономических терминов 1 .
* * *

Маркетинг

маркетинг’

процесс выявления, максимизации и удовлетворения потребительского спроса на изделия компании

Англо-русский экономический словарь > marketing
13 advertising

сущ.

1) рекл. реклама (совокупность каких-л. рекламных объявлений; обычно употребляется с указанием места, где размещается данная реклама)

alcohol advertising on radio — реклама алкоголя на радио

Over 60 percent of alcohol advertising [on television\] is shown during sports programming

to broadcast advertising of gambling services — передавать в эфир рекламу игорных заведений

amount of advertising in the media — объем рекламы в СМИ

Asian governments have attempted to limit excessive consumptions by instituting strict control over the content and amount of advertising in the media.

advertising on buses — реклама на автобусах

Advertising [on buses\] is one of the important advertising means to which companies and establishments attach great importance because this type of advertisement is a mobile one seen by all.

two-thirds of the food and drink advertising for children under 12 — две трети всей рекламы продуктов питания для детей младше 12-ти лет

Last month, 10 companies that produce almost two-thirds of the food and drink advertising [for children\] under 12 agreed to start cutting back on advertising junk foods.

to distribute printing advertising — распространять печатную рекламу

No person shall within the city distribute [printed\] advertising by placing it within or upon parked automobiles.

2) рекл. реклама, рекламирование (процесс осуществления рекламы; как правило, употребляется с указанием рекламируемого продукта)

to prevent alcohol advertising — не допустить рекламирования алкоголя

Alcohol advertising is the promotion of alcoholic beverages by alcohol producers through a variety of media.

to regulate advertising of gambling — регулировать рекламу игорного бизнеса

the control of medicines advertising in the UK — контроль за рекламой лекарств в Соединенном Королевстве

to specialize in advertising to women — специализироваться на рекламе для женщин

ATTRIBUTES: accessory 2. 1), advance 3. 2), aerial 3. 1), agricultural, air 2. 1),

alternative 2. 3), ambient 1. 1), audiovisual, auxiliary 2. 1), block 1. 4) а), boastful, broadcast 2. 1), n1, classified 1. 1), commercial 1. 4) а), comparative, competing 1. 1) а), competitive 1. 2) а), concept 1. 2) а), consumer 1. 1) а), continuity 1. 1) а), controversial 1. 1) а), cooperative 2. 1), n2, coordinated, corporate 1. 2) а), б, corrective 1. 1), creative, deceptive, demographic, denigratory, dissipative, domestic 1. 2) а),

foreign 1) б), global, professional 1. 3) б), regional, repeat 3. 3) б), strategic, superior 3. 1) б), test 3. 3) б), traditional

Syn:

advertisement 2)

See:

accessory advertising, advance advertising, advocacy advertising, aerial advertising, agricultural advertising, air advertising, aisle advertising, alternative advertising, ambient advertising, analogy advertising, association advertising, audiovisual advertising, auxiliary advertising, bait advertising, bait and switch advertising, bait-and-switch advertising, bank advertising, banner advertising, bargain advertising, bargain-basement advertising, block advertising, boastful advertising, brand advertising, brand image advertising, brand name advertising, breakthrough advertising, broadcast advertising, burst advertising, business advertising, business paper advertising, business publication advertising, business-to-business advertising, car-card advertising, cause advertising, challenged advertising, charity advertising, children's advertising, cinema advertising, classified advertising, combative advertising, commercial advertising, comparative advertising, comparison advertising, competing advertising, competitive advertising, concept advertising, consumer advertising, continuity advertising, controversial advertising, co-op advertising, cooperative advertising, coordinated advertising, corporate advertising, corporate image advertising, corrective advertising, counter advertising, counteradvertising, coupon advertising, creative advertising, deceptive advertising, demographic advertising, demonstration advertising, denigratory advertising, direct advertising, direct response advertising, direct-action advertising, direct mail advertising, direct-mail advertising, directory advertising, display advertising, dissipative advertising, domestic advertising, door-to-door advertising, educational advertising, electric advertising, electrical advertising, e-mail based advertising, entertaining advertising, ethical advertising, export advertising, eye-catching advertising, factual advertising, false advertising, farm advertising, fashion advertising, film advertising, financial advertising, flexform advertising, follow-up advertising, foreign advertising, fraudulent advertising, full-page advertising, gender advertising, general advertising, generic advertising, global advertising, goodwill advertising, group advertising, hard-sell advertising, hard-selling advertising, heavy advertising, help wanted advertising, high-pressure advertising, house advertising, house-to-house advertising, idea advertising, illuminated advertising, image advertising, impact advertising, indirect action advertising, indirect-action advertising, individual advertising, indoor advertising, industrial advertising, information advertising, informational advertising, informative advertising, in-house advertising, initial advertising, innovative advertising, institutional advertising, in-store advertising, insurance advertising, international advertising, interstate advertising, introductory advertising, intrusive advertising, issue advertising, joint advertising, large-scale advertising, launch advertising, legal advertising, local advertising, mail advertising, mail-order advertising, mass advertising, mass-media advertising, media advertising, military advertising, misleading advertising, mobile advertising, mood advertising, movie theatre advertising, multimedia advertising, multinational advertising, national advertising, non-business advertising, non-commercial advertising, novelty advertising, obtrusive advertising, offbeat advertising, off-season advertising, on-line advertising, on-target advertising, opinion advertising, oral advertising, outdoor advertising, out-of-home advertising, package advertising, periodical advertising, personality advertising, persuasive advertising, point-of-purchase advertising, point-of-sale advertising, political advertising, postal advertising, postcard advertising, poster advertising, postmark advertising, pre-launch advertising, premium advertising, press advertising, prestige advertising, price advertising, primary advertising, print advertising, private sector advertising, problem-solution advertising, procurement advertising, producer advertising, product advertising, product-comparison advertising, professional advertising, promotional advertising, public relations advertising, public sector advertising, public service advertising, public-affairs advertising, public interest advertising, public-issue advertising, public-service advertising, radio advertising, railway advertising, reason-why advertising, recruitment advertising, regional advertising, reinforcement advertising, remembrance advertising, reminder advertising, repeat advertising, retail advertising, retentive advertising, saturation advertising, scented advertising, screen advertising, seasonal advertising, selective advertising, self-advertising, semi-display advertising, show-window advertising, sky advertising, slide advertising, social advertising, social cause advertising, soft-sell advertising, specialty advertising, split-run advertising, spot advertising, store advertising, strategic advertising, street advertising, strip advertising, subliminal advertising, sustaining advertising, switch advertising, tactical advertising, target advertising, taxi top advertising, teaser advertising, television advertising, test advertising, testimonial advertising, tie-in advertising, tombstone advertising, total advertising, trade advertising, trademark advertising, traditional advertising, transformational advertising, transit advertising, transportation advertising, truthful advertising, truth-in-advertising, two-step formal advertising, unacceptable advertising, unfair advertising, untruthful advertising, visual advertising, vocational advertising, wall advertising, word-of-mouth advertising, written advertising, yellow pages advertising, advertising abuse, advertising action, advertising aids, advertising analysis а), advertising appeal, advertising approach, advertising audience, advertising awareness, advertising balance, advertising band, advertising believability, advertising break, advertising brochure, advertising catalogue, advertising circular, advertising claim 1) а), advertising clutter, advertising column, advertising communication, advertising competition 2) а), advertising copy, advertising coupon, advertising credibility, advertising cue, advertising decay, advertising deception, advertising device, advertising emphasis, advertising exaggeration, advertising exposure 2) а), advertising factor а), advertising film, advertising folder, advertising frequency, advertising gift, advertising gimmick, advertising handbill, advertising hoarding, advertising image, advertising impact, advertising impression, advertising influence, advertising insert, advertising intensity, advertising jingle, advertising label, advertising leaflet, advertising letter, advertising literature 1) а), advertising location, advertising magazine, advertising material, advertising matter, advertising media, advertising medium, advertising novelty, advertising operation 2) а), advertising page, advertising pamphlet, advertising panel, advertising penetration, advertising perception, advertising personality, advertising playback, advertising point, advertising posttest, advertising pretest, advertising puffery, advertising pylon, advertising race, advertising readership, advertising recall, advertising response, advertising retention, advertising sample, advertising section 2) а), advertising site, advertising slogan, advertising space, advertising specialty, advertising sponsorship, advertising spoof, advertising spot, advertising standards, advertising structure, advertising supplement, advertising test, advertising testing, advertising text, advertising threshold, advertising time, advertising vehicle, advertising wearout, advertising wedge, Canadian Code of Advertising Standards, Code of Advertising Practice, Defining Advertising goals for Measured Advertising Results, Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Code of Advertising Practice, ICC International Code of Environmental Advertising, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Standard Advertising Register, Standard Directory of Advertising Agencies, Standards of Practice of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Advertising Association, Advertising Association of the West, Advertising Checking Bureau, Advertising Club of New York, Advertising Council, Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc. 2), Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc., Advertising Council, Inc.

3) рекл. рекламное дело, рекламная деятельность, рекламный бизнес (реклама как вид деятельности безотносительно каких-л. конкретных продуктов; реклама как одна из функций организации)

advertising counsellor [consultant\] — рекламный консультант, консультант по рекламе

advertising expert — рекламный эксперт, эксперт по рекламе

advertising textbook — учебник по рекламе

Syn:

advertising business 1)

See:

above-the-line advertising, below-the-line advertising, flat fee advertising, investment advertising, per inquiry advertising, advertising account, advertising activity, advertising agency, advertising agent, advertising agreement, advertising allowance, advertising analysis б), advertising appropriation, advertising assistant, advertising audit, advertising brief, advertising broker, advertising budget, advertising business, advertising campaign, advertising canvasser, advertising claim 2) б), advertising club, advertising code, advertising community, advertising company, advertising competition 1) б), advertising contract, advertising contractor, advertising control, advertising cooperative, advertising copywriting, advertising cost, advertising coverage, advertising customer, advertising department, advertising director, advertising directory, advertising drive, advertising effect, advertising effectiveness, advertising efficiency, advertising environment, advertising ethics, advertising exchange, advertising executive, advertising expenditures, advertising expenses, advertising exposure 1) б), &3, advertising factor б), advertising firm, advertising guide, advertising industry, advertising injury, advertising landscape, advertising legislation, advertising leverage, advertising liability, advertising linage, advertising literature 2) б), advertising man, advertising management, advertising manager, advertising method, advertising mix, advertising monopoly, advertising network, advertising objective, advertising office, advertising operation 1) б), advertising order, advertising outcome, advertising outlay, advertising output, advertising people, advertising performance, advertising personnel, advertising plan, advertising planner, advertising planning, advertising portfolio, advertising practice, advertising practitioner, advertising professional, advertising programme, advertising purpose, advertising rate, advertising register, advertising representative, advertising research, advertising restrictions, advertising sales agents, advertising schedule, advertising section 1) б), advertising self-regulation, advertising services, advertising specialist, advertising spending, advertising statistics, advertising strategy, advertising substantiation, advertising support, advertising talent, advertising theory, advertising value, advertising variable, advertising weight, media buy, copywriting, advertology

* * *
реклама, рекламирование: использование печатных, теле-, радио- и иных посланий, оплаченных рекламодателем, для благоприятного воздействия на потенциальных покупателей товара или клиентов.
* * *

размещение объявлений; размещение рекламы; рекламирование
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Международное страхование

реклама

эмоционально окрашенная информация об основных характеристиках отдельных видов страхования и страховых операций с целью формирования устойчивого спроса на страховые услуги

-----

Реклама

реклама

средство распространения информации и убеждения людей через прессу, телевидение, радиовещание, объявления, плакаты и другим образом

Англо-русский экономический словарь > advertising
14 accounts

сущ.
1) госбюджет
2) бюджет предприятия (напр., СП)
3) счета
4) расходы
5) расчеты;
счет ∙ - enter in the accounts - duty to keep accounts - drawing up of accounts - debit accounts - date of accounts - closing of accounts - close the accounts - close accounts - clearing accounts - check the accounts - certifying of accounts - card of accounts - be included in accounts - basis of accounts - balancing of accounts - balance the accounts - audited accounts - audit the accounts - audit accounts - allowance for doubtful accounts - adoption of annual accounts - administration of accounts - active accounts - accounts receivable turnover - accounts analysis - accounts now - Funds accounts - non-production accounts - to agree accounts - individual retirement accounts - annual accounts accounts of charges hard currency accounts open market and foreign accounts accounts due from customers accounts due to customers farm cost accounts integrated national economic accounts accounts in use accounts payable accounts payable-interline accounts receivable accounts receivable-interline above-line accounts accounts valuation below-line accounts consolidated accounts current accounts external accounts interline payable accounts interline receivable accounts international accounts national income accounts national accounts operating accounts outlay accounts payable accounts payable notes public accounts sundries accounts visible accounts balance accounts commingle accounts present accounts verify accounts
Счета(расчеты)

accounts деловые книги ~ отчетность ~ расчеты ~ торговые книги

~ of budgetary expenditure and revenue отчетность по бюджетным доходам и расходам

~ of group счета объединения

~ of parent company счета материнской компании

accumulated ~ отчетность фирмы

analytical ~ аналитические счета

analyze ~ анализировать счета

annual ~ годовой отчет

audit ~ ревизорские счета

audit the ~ проверять отчетность audit the ~ проводить ревизию отчетности

audited ~ проверенные счета

audited annual ~ проверенная годовая отчетность

business ~ деловые расчеты

check the ~ проверять отчетность

close the ~ составлять отчет

consolidated ~ сводный баланс consolidated ~ сводный финансовый отчет

consolidation ~ сводный финансовый отчет

crop ~ отчет об урожайности

divisional ~ отчет отдела

doubtful ~ подозрительные счета doubtful ~ сомнительные счета

final ~ окончательные расчеты final ~ окончательный отчет

financial ~ финансовые отчеты financial ~ финансовые счета

imprest ~ авансовые счета

information from ~ сведения из отчета

integrated ~ интегрированная система национальных счетов

interim ~ временные расчеты

internal ~ внутренняя отчетность

management ~ управленческий учет

master ~ сводный отчет

merchandise ~ товарные операции

month-end ~ месячный отчет

monthly ~ ежемесячный отчет

municipal ~ муниципальные счета

national ~ отчет об исполнении государственного бюджета

parent company ~ отчетность материнской компании

present the ~ представлять отчетность present the ~ представлять счета

quarterly internal ~ квартальные внутренние счета

reconcile the ~ выверять счета reconcile the ~ согласовывать счета

reconcile two ~ приводить в соответствие два счета

records and ~ учетные документы и отчетность

render the ~ представлять отчет

report and ~ отчет и отчетность

shareholders' ~ счета акционеров

social ~ общественные счета

sundries ~ book-keep. "прочие статьи"

tax ~ налоговая отчетность

Treasury ~ отчет министерства финансов

various ~ различные виды счетов

winding up ~ выведение сальдо winding up ~ подведение итога winding up ~ сальдирование

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > accounts
15 product

сущ.

1)

а) эк. продукт, изделие, товар (предмет, созданный человеком, машиной или природой; чаще всего имеются в виду предметы, созданные с целью продажи); мн. продукция

dairy products — молочная продукция

food products — продукты, продовольственные товары

skin-care products — средства для ухода за кожей

average quality product — товар среднего (уровня) качества

high-quality product — товар высокого качества, высококачественный [первоклассный\] товар

premium quality [premium grade\] product — товар высшего сорта [качества\], товар класса премиум-класса

undiscounted products — товары, продаваемые без скидки

low-priced product — недорогой продукт

fairly-priced product — товар по приемлемой [справедливой\] цене

product market — товарный рынок

product analysis — товарный анализ

product assortment — товарный ассортимент

product technology — технология производства продукции

to develop a product — разрабатывать товар (создавать идею и образец нового товара)

See:

acceptable product, accessory product, actual product, adulterated product, advanced technology products, ageing product, agricultural product, alimentary products, allied products, all-meat product, alternative products, ancillary product, anonymous product, augmented product, bakery products 1), basic product, beauty product, best-selling product, business products, by-product 1), &3, capitalized product, captive product, characteristic product, 2), co-product, commercialized product, commodity product, common product, comparable products, competing products, competiting products, competitive product, competitive products, complementary products, complete product, complicated product, conforming product, consumer products, consumer durable product, convenience products, core product, crop products, custom-designed product, customized product, custom-made product, declining product, deficient product, dehydrated product, differentiated product, diminishing marginal product, disposable product, diversified products, DIY product, do-it-yourself product, domestic product, durable products, egg product, electronics products, end product 2), &3, energy-saving product, entrenched product, essential product, established product, ethical product, ethnic product, everyday product, exclusive product, export products, fair trade product, fairly traded product, fairtrade product, fighting product, final product 1), а&2, financial product, food products, foreign products, formal product, functional product, generic product, global product, green products, grooming product, hair-care product, half-finished product, harmful product, health product, hedonic product, heterogeneous product, high performance product, high quality product, high-interest product 1), high-involvement products, high-margin product, high-reliability product, high-risk product, high-tech product, high-turnover product, high-value product, home-grown product, home-produced product, homogeneous product, hot product, household cleaning product, household maintenance products, household product, hygiene product, imitative product, imperfect product, import products, import-sensitive products, impulse product, industrial product, inferior product, information product, innovative product, in-process product, intangible product, interlocking products, intermediate product, investigated product, joint product, key product, knowledge-intensive product, known product, laundry products, lead product, leading edge product, leisure products, leisure-time products, licensed product, line extension product, livestock product, low-interest product 1), low-involvement products, low-value product, luxury product, main product 2), &3, manufactured products, marginal physical product, marginal product, mature product, me-too product, metal product, misbranded product, multinational product, multiple-use product 2), mundane product, national product, necessary product, necessity product, new product, no-name product, nonconforming product, non-conforming product, non-durable products, nonfood products, non-standard product, novel product, office products, off-price product, off-standard product, oil products, one-shot product, optional product, over-engineered product, paper products, parity products, patentable product, patented product, patent-protected product, payment product, pension product, pharmaceutical product, physical product, plant products, potential product, premium product, prestige products, price-sensitive product, primary products, prime product, printed products, private brand products, private label products, processed product, qualified product, quality products, ready-made product, rejected product, related product, replacement product, representative product, retirement product, revenue product, revised product, safe product, saleable product, salutary product, satisfactory product, scarce product, second generation product, secondary product, semi-finished products, shoddy product, sideline product, single-use product, skill-intensive product, slow-moving product, social product, sophisticated product, standardized products, sugared product, superior product, supplementary products, surplus product, synthetic product, tainted products, tangible product, tied product, tied products, tinned products, tobacco products 1), tying products, unacceptable product, unbranded product, unidentified product, unpatented product, unsafe product, unsaleable product, unsatisfactory product, utilitarian product, vendible product, viable product, wanted product, well-designed product, worthwhile product, product acceptability, product acceptance, product adaptability, product adaptation, product addition, product advertising, product analysis, product announcement, product application, product area, product arsenal, product assessment, product association, product assortment, product assurance, product augmentation, product availability, product awareness, product benefit, product billing, product brand, product branding, product bundling, product capabilities, product category, product choice, product claim, product class, product classification, product company, product compatibility, product competition, product comprehension, product concept, product conception, product control, product copy, product cost, product costing, product coverage, product cycle, product decision, product deletion, product demand, product demonstration, product departmentalization, product design, product development, product differences, product differentiation, product display, product distribution network, product diversification, product division, product element, product elimination, product engineering, product enhancement, product evaluation, product evolution, product exchange, product exhaustion, product expansion, product extension, product failure, product family, product field, product flows, product form, product graduation, product group, product homogeneity, product idea, product image, product improvement, product inflation, product innovation, product inspection, product integrity, product introduction, product invention, product item, product knowledge, product label, product labelling, product layout, product leveraging, product liability, product life, product life cycle, product line, product lineup, product literature, product management, product manager, product manual, product market, product marketing, product matching, product message, product mix, product modification, product name, product nameplate, product offering, product opportunity, product organization, product orientation, product origin, product patent, product perception, product performance, product personality, product placement, product plan, product planner, product planning, product policy, product portfolio, product position, product positioning, product preference, product presentation, product price, product pricing, product profile, product proliferation, product promotion, product proof, product protection, product publicity, product puffery, product quality, product quantity, product range, product rationalization, product recall, product release, product requirements, product research, product research and development, product retailer, product revision, product revolution, product safety, product sales, product sample, product sampling, product satisfaction, product segment, product segmentation, product shortage, product specialization, product specifications, product standard, product statement, product strategy, product structure, product style, product styling, product subline, product superiority, product survey, product tangibility, product team, product technology, product test, product testimony, product testing, product trial, product type, product uniformity, product usage, product validation, product variation, product variety, product warranty, endorse a product, Central Product Classification, Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product, Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers, Clay Product and Refractory Manufacturing, debt-for-products swap

б) эк. продукт, объем продукции ( количество произведенных товаров или услуг)

company's product — продукция компании, товары компании

See:

bakery products 2), final product 1) б), industry product, multiple-use product 1) б)

2) общ. результат, продукт (итог какой-л. деятельности)

products of one's labour — результаты труда

History is the product of social and economic forces. — История — это результат взаимодействия общественных и экономических факторов.

the product of this activity is radiation — в результате этой деятельности появляется радиация.

See:

end product 1), by-product 2), main product 1), waste products, work product

3) мат. произведение ( результат умножения двух чисел)

* * *
продукт, товар: что-либо производимое для продажи.
* * *

продукт

* * *

Продукт
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Реклама

рекламируемый товар

Англо-русский экономический словарь > product
16 risk

1. сущ.
1) общ. риск, опасность (как ситуация, которая может привести к материальным убыткам или другим нежелательным последствиям)

fire risk — риск пожара [возгорания\]; пожароопасность

climatic risk — климатический риск

earthquake risk — риск землетрясения

health risk — риск для здоровья

pollution risk — риск загрязнения

industrial risk — промышленный риск

risk to smb./smth. — риск для кого-л./чего-л.

at one's own risk — на свой страх и риск

at owner's risk — на риск владельца

at risk to smb./smth. — с риском для кого-л./для чего-л.

to manage risks — управлять рисками

to control risks — контролировать риски

to reduce the risk of illness — уменьшать риск заболевания

to minimize risk — минимизировать риск

minimization of risk, risk minimization — минимизация риска

to mitigate risks — смягчать [ослаблять\] риски

to eliminate risks — устранять риски

to prevent risks — предотвращать риски

to avoid risks — избегать рисков

avoidance of risk, risk avoidance — избежание риска

to limit the risk of (smth.) — ограничивать риск (чего-л.)

limited risk — ограниченный (какой-л. риск)

to increase the risk of (smth.) — увеличивать риск (чего-л.)

to run a [the\] risk, to run risks — рисковать

to put smb./smth. at risk — подвергать риску кого-л./что-л.

to incur a risk — подвергаться риску, рисковать

to face a risk — сталкиваться с риском, подвергаться риску

to take [to undertake\] a risk, to take [undertake\] risks — рисковать, идти на риск; брать [принимать\] на себя риск

to assume a risk — брать [принимать\] на себя риск

assumption of risk, risk assumption — принятие риска

to accept a risk — принимать риск

to reject [to decline\] a risk — отказаться от риска, отказаться принять риск

to carry [to bear\] a risk — а) нести риск; подвергаться риску; б) нести риск, быть источником риска

Floodwaters can carry the risk of typhoid or other dangerous diseases. — Наводнение может нести риск распространения тифа или других опасных заболеваний.

All funds carry the risk of losing money — some more than others. — Все фонды рискуют потерять деньги — некоторые в большей степени, чем другие.

to insure risks — страховать риски

to hedge risks — хеджировать риски

to underwrite risks — страховать риски, принимать риски на страхование

underwriting of risks, risk underwriting — андеррайтинг рисков

hedging of interest rate risks — хеджирование процентных рисков

to assess risk — оценивать риск

to calculate risk — рассчитывать риск

calculation of risk, risk calculation — расчет риска

to evaluate [to estimate\] risk — оценивать риск

risk evaluation [valuation\], evaluation [valuation\] of risk — оценка риска

to identify risk — идентифицировать [распознавать\] риск

to prioritize risks — приоритезировать риски, ранжировать риски по приоритету

to rank risks — ранжировать риски

to measure risk — измерять [оценивать\] риск

to analyse risks — анализировать риски

to characterize risks — характеризовать риски

to model risk — моделировать риск

risk model, model of risk — модель риска

risk modelling, modelling of risk — моделирование риска

to monitor risk — осуществлять мониторинг риска

to track risks — отслеживать риски

to cover the risk — покрывать риск

risk coverage, coverage of risk — покрытие риска

to distribute risk — распределять риск

distribution of risk, risk distribution — распределение риска

to entail risk — быть связанным с риском, влечь за собой риск

Bonds also entail the risk of default, or the risk that an issuer will be unable to make income or principal payments. — Облигации также связаны с риском неплатежа, или риском, что эмитент будет неспособен выплачивать доходы по облигациям или погашать основную сумму облигаций.

to disclose risk — раскрывать информацию о риске

risk disclosure, disclosure of risk — раскрытие информации о риске

to transfer risks — перекладывать [передавать\] риски

to retain risks — удерживать риски

risk retention, retention of risk — удержание риска

to share risks — разделять риски

risk sharing, sharing of risk — разделение риска

to spread risks — распределять риски

to diversify risks — диверсифицировать риски

to foresee a risk — предвидеть риск

diversification of risk, risk diversification — диверсификация риска

abnormal risk — чрезвычайный риск

admissible [allowed\] risk — допустимый риск

acceptable risk — приемлемый риск

aggregate risk — совокупный риск

constant risk — постоянный риск

equal risk — равный риск

maximum [maximal\] risk — максимальный риск

minimal [minimum\] risk — минимальный риск

negligible risk — пренебрежимо малый риск, незначительный риск

foreseeable risk — предвидимый риск

obvious risk — очевидный риск

significant risk — значительный риск

overall risk — совокупный риск

degree of risk, risk degree — степень риска

level of risk, risk level — уровень риска

element of risk, risk element — элемент риска

source of risk, risk source — источник риска

It's not worth the risk. — Это не стоит риска.

See:

accounting risk, amount at risk, at risk, at risk rules, basis risk, bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, Business Environment Risk Information Index, business risk, buyer's risk, call risk, capital risk, cash flow risk, collection risk, commercial credit risk, concentration risk, country risk, credit risk, currency risk, default risk, delivery risk, earnings-at-risk, event risk, exchange risk, exchange rate risk, export risk, financial credit risk, financial risk, high-risk automobile insurer, high-risk product, inflation risk, interest rate risk, investment risk, legal risk, liability risk, liquidity risk, margin risk, market risk, maturity risk, prepayment risk, price of risk, price risk, producer's risk, property risk, pure risk, regulatory risk, reinvestment rate risk, reinvestment risk, return on risk-adjusted capital, seasonal risk, settlement risk, speculative risk, stand-alone risk, systematic risk, transaction risk, underwriting risk, unlimited risk, unsystematic risk, value-at-risk, vega risk, yield curve risk, risk analysis, risk analyst, risk arbitrage, risk-averse, risk aversion, risk capital, risk investment, risk lover, risk management, risk manager, risk measure, risk-neutral, risk premium, price of risk, risk response planning, risk transfer, risk/return indifference curve, risk/return trade-off, risk-adjusted discount rate, risk-adjusted rate of return, risk-adjusted return, risk-adjusted return on capital, risk-adjusted return on risk-adjusted capital, risk-averse investor, risk-free, risk-free rate, risk-free return, riskless arbitrage, riskless transaction, risk-neutral investor, risk-seeking investor, risk-weighted assets

2) общ. риск (как количественная мера вероятности наступления какого-л. неблагоприятного события)

See:

mortality risk

3) общ. объект риска ( о человеке или предмете)

security risk — риск для безопасности, угроза безопасности (о человеке, объекте, действии или состоянии); неблагонадежный человек

See:

poor risk, good risk

4)

а) страх. риск (событие, в отношении которого заключается договор страхования)

Syn:

insurance risk

See:

insurable risk, covered risk, insured event, all risk insurance, builders risk insurance, war risk insurance, risk retention group

б) страх. застрахованное лицо; застрахованная вещь; риск (лицо или вещь, которые могут пострадать в результате какого-л. события и в отношении которых заключается договор страхования)

See:

assigned risk plan, preferred risk, standard risk, substandard risk, hard-to-place risk, highly protected risk

5) мет. риск (ситуация, когда результат какого-л. экономического выбора имеет случайный характер, но при этом известно вероятностное распределение значений этого результата)

See:

uncertainty
2. гл.
общ. рисковать (чем-л.)

to risk one's life [one's health\] — рисковать жизнью [здоровьем\]

* * *
риск: вероятность понести убытки или упустить выгоду (вероятность наступления неблагоприятного события); количественно измеряемая неуверенность в получении соответствующего дохода или убытка; существует множество классификаций рисков: 1) капитальный риск - риск того, что невозврат кредитов ухудшит состояние капитала банка и ему придется выпускать новые акции; 2) кредитный риск, или риск погашения, - риск невозврата кредита, непогашения обязательства; 3) риск поставки - риск непоставки финансового инструмента (иностранной валюты); 4) валютный риск - риск потерь из-за изменения валютного курса; 5) процентный риск - риск уменьшения дохода по активу и роста расходов по обязательству из-за изменения процентных ставок; также риск уменьшения цены облигации с фиксированной ставкой в результате роста рыночных ставок; 6) риск ликвидности - риск нехватки наличности и краткосрочных активов для выполнения обязательств, невозможности быстро купить или продать товар или финансовый инструмент; 7) операционный риск - риск того, что будет нарушена работа операционных систем банка и он не сможет вовремя выполнять обязательства; 8) политический риск - риск того, что политическая нестабильность в стране приведет к невыполнению обязательств по кредитам (если государственных крдитов - "суверенный" риск); также риск национализации и др. неблаго-приятных действий властей; 9) риск платежной системы (системный риск) - риск того, что банкротство или неспособность крупного банка функционировать вызовет цепную реакцию в банковской системе; 10) актуарный риск - риск (вероятность) наступления неблагоприятного события, которое страховая компания покрывает в обмен на стразовую премию; 11) инфляционный риск - риск снижения стоимости активов или доходов в результате общего роста цен в стране; 12) инвентарный риск - риск обесценения запасов компании в результате снижения цен, морального старения товара; 13) риск основной суммы - риск обесценения основной суммы инвестиций; 14) риск андеррайтинга - риск - принимаемый на себя андеррайтером в случае неразмещения новых бумаг среди инвесторов; также риск падения рыночной цены в момент размещения; см. absorbable/ actuarial /basis /capital /commercial /concentration /contagion /country /credit /del credere /delivery /exchange /financial /inflation /insurable /interest rate /inventory /investment risk /limited /liquidity /manufacturing /market /market liquidity /operational /payments system /political /price /pure /refinance /reinvestment /repayment /settlement /sovereign /standard /systematic /systemic /transaction /translation /transfer /underwriting /uninsurable /unlimited /unsystematic /warehouse risk and risk of principal.
* * *

риск; клиент (страх.)
. измеримая вероятность потери; . exposure to uncertainty Глоссарий финансовых и биржевых терминов .
* * *

Финансы/Кредит/Валюта

риск

поддающаяся изменению вероятность понести убытки или упустить выгоду

Англо-русский экономический словарь > risk

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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Management And Financial Information Analysis

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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Management And Financial Information Analysis

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